Fleet faction - Kantaiha

Japanese: 艦隊派 - かんたいは

Traditionally, unity and harmony within the Navy Department was maintained by the leadership of the Minister of the Navy, and the military and government faction, which occupied key posts in the Navy Ministry, formed the mainstream of the Navy, but a rift developed within the Navy Department over the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty in 1922, and furthermore, over the signing of the London Naval Treaty in 1930, the Naval General Staff strongly opposed Navy Minister Takarabe Takeshi, who was the plenipotentiary of the Navy, claiming that the signing of the treaty was an infringement of supreme command, and who believed that the treaty had to be signed (the issue of infringement of supreme command). After that, the conflict between the two factions known as the treaty faction (military government faction) and the fleet faction (superior command faction) intensified within the Navy Department, and the control of the Navy Ministry leaders weakened due to pressure from the Naval General Staff and mid-ranking officers, who were hostile to disarmament treaties. In particular, the system reforms of 1957 and 1958 renamed the Naval General Staff to the Naval General Staff, renamed the Chief of the Naval General Staff to the Chief of the Naval General Staff, gave the Chief of the Naval General Staff the right to draft military strength, and eliminated the Navy Minister's right to command military forces in peacetime. These reforms broke with the traditions of the navy and established the superiority of military command over military administration.

From 【Warlords】

...It is used to refer to groups such as (1) when the upper echelons of the military hold political privileges backed by military power, (2) when groups within the military formed by place of origin, status, policies, etc. take political action, and (3) when military groups based in local areas become independent local forces. When the military holds a superior political position, such as in Prussia or Japan before World War II, the upper echelons are called military factions in the case of (1). The Choshu faction in the army after the Meiji period, the Satsuma faction in the navy, the Imperial Way faction, the Control faction, the Treaty faction, and the Fleet faction in the navy during the Showa period, etc. are called military factions in the case of (2). The semi-independent forces in various parts of China after the Xinhai Revolution and the Satsuma Private School Party just before the Satsuma Rebellion are cases of (3). Also, although belonging to the category of (1), there are also cases where a faction of military personnel supported by another country holds real political power, as is sometimes seen in South American countries.

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Fleet Faction" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　伝統的に海軍部内の結束と融和は，海軍大臣の統率力によって保たれ，海軍省の枢要ポストを占めてきた軍政派が海軍の主流派を形成してきたが，1922年のワシントン海軍軍縮条約の締結をめぐって，海軍部内に亀裂が生じ，さらに30年のロンドン海軍軍縮条約締結をめぐり，軍令部は条約締結は統帥権干犯だとして条約締結をやむなしとする海軍全権の財部彪（たからべたけし）海軍大臣に強く反対した(統帥権干犯問題)。以後，海軍部内では，条約派(軍政派)と艦隊派(統帥派)と称される2派の対立が激化し，軍縮条約に敵意をもつ軍令部と中堅将校らのつきあげにより，海軍省首脳の統制力は減退していった。とくに32年と33年の制度改正により，海軍軍令部は軍令部に，海軍軍令部長は軍令部総長と改称され，兵力量の起案権を軍令部総長が握り，平時の海軍大臣の兵力指揮権が削除されるなど，それまでの海軍の伝統を破って，軍政に対する軍令の優位が確立されることになった。…

【軍閥】より

…(1)軍隊の上層部が軍事力を背景に政治的特権を握った場合，(2)出身地，地位，政策などによってつくられた軍隊内のグループが，政治的行動を行う場合，(3)地方に割拠した軍事集団が，独立の地方勢力となった場合など，それらの集団･グループを指す用語として使われている。プロイセンや第2次大戦前の日本のように，軍隊が優越した政治的地位を占めている場合にその上層部を軍閥というのは(1)の場合であり，明治以後の陸軍における長州閥，海軍における薩摩閥や，昭和期の陸軍における皇道派，統制派，海軍における条約派，艦隊派などを軍閥というのは(2)の場合であり，辛亥革命後の中国における各地の半独立勢力や，西南戦争直前の薩摩の私学校党などは(3)の場合である。また(1)の範疇に属するが，南アメリカ諸国などでときおりみられるように，他国の支援をうけた軍人の一派が政治的実権を握るような場合もある。…

※「艦隊派」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: Pacific Rim Economic Zone Initiative

>>: The Rules of Hospitality