They are mammals of the order Primates and the family Cercopithecidae. They are found from Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula, and are the only baboons whose distribution extends across Eurasia, albeit in a narrow area. Males reach a body length of 80 cm and a weight of 20-30 kg. Both sides of their faces and backs are covered with long gray hair, making them look like they are wearing a cloak. Females are small and covered with brown hair, and are not very different from other baboons. They live in grasslands and semi-deserts from the highlands to the coast, and are terrestrial and omnivorous. Their society is made up of three layers, with the lowest layer being a one-male unit that includes one male and several females. Several units and males without units form a band. The structure of the band is stable, and this is the basic social unit, and the units are its subunits. Members of the band move around together, but the males of each unit always keep a close eye on the movements of the females, and if they try to leave, they bite their necks to bring them back, so the outline of the unit is maintained. There is a restraint between males in the same band, so they do not compete for females. Males without females will either enter an existing unit and become its successor, or kidnap a female baby under one year old from the unit, take care of it, and wait for it to grow up before forming a new unit. At night, several bands gather on rocks to form a hibernation group (troop). The composition of a hibernation group is not stable, but it is formed by bands that recognize each other. [Kenji Kawanaka] [References] |©Kimura Shuji "> Major species of monkeys (Cercopithecus) [Specimens... Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目オナガザル科の動物。エチオピアからアラビア半島にかけて分布し、狭域とはいえユーラシアに分布域を伸ばしている唯一のヒヒである。雄は体長80センチメートル、体重20~30キログラムに達し、顔の両側と背中が灰色の長毛で覆われ、マントを着たようにみえる。雌は小形で褐色の体毛に覆われ、ほかのヒヒと大差ない。高地から海岸までの草原や半砂漠にすみ、地上性で雑食性である。社会は3層からなり、最下層の集団は、1頭の雄と数頭の雌を含むワンメールユニットで、いくつかのユニットと、ユニットをもたない雄たちが一つのバンドをつくっている。バンドの構成は安定しており、これが基本的社会単位で、ユニットはその下位単位である。バンドの構成員はいっしょに遊動するが、各ユニットの雄は、その雌の動きにつねに気を配り、離れようとすると頸(くび)にかみついて連れ戻すので、ユニットの輪郭は保たれている。同一バンドの雄たちの間には抑制が働いており、雌を奪い合うことはない。雌をもたない雄は、既存のユニットに入り込み、その雄の後継者となるか、ユニットから1歳未満の雌の赤ん坊をさらい、その世話を焼きながら成長を待って新たなユニットを形成する。夜間には、いくつかのバンドが岩場に集まり休眠集団(トゥループ)をつくる。休眠集団の構成は安定していないが、互いに認知しあったバンドによって形成される。 [川中健二] [参照項目] |©木村しゅうじ"> サルのおもな種類(オナガザル類)〔標本… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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