This refers to the volume occupied by 1 mole of an element when it is solid. It is generally expressed in cubic centimeters. It is also called atomic volume. There is a relationship between atomic number and atomic volume that changes periodically depending on the atomic number. In general, there is a sharp maximum for alkali metals (lithium Li, sodium Na, potassium K, rubidium Rb, cesium Cs, etc.), and a relatively gentle minimum, with metals with high melting points (carbon C, tungsten W, tantalum Ta, etc.) located nearby. Metallic elements are located to the left of the minimum, and non-metallic elements to the right. This periodicity based on atomic number was first pointed out by J. L. Mayer of Germany (1868), and played an important role in establishing the periodic law. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Atomic volume Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
単体1モルが固体のときに占める体積をいう。一般に立方センチメートルを単位として表す。原子体積ともいう。原子番号と原子容との間には原子番号によって周期的に変化する関係がある。一般にアルカリ金属(リチウムLi、ナトリウムNa、カリウムK、ルビジウムRb、セシウムCsなど)で鋭い極大があり、極小部は比較的なだらかで、その付近には融点の高い金属(炭素C、タングステンW、タンタルTaなど)がある。また極小の左側は金属的な元素、右側には非金属元素が並んでいる。これらの原子番号による周期性はドイツのJ・L・マイヤーによって初めて指摘され(1868)、周期律の確立に重要な役割を果たしている。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 原子容 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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