An object buried in land or other objects (treasures) whose owner cannot be easily identified. Treasures are often buried in land, but objects buried in movable property can also be buried. When a buried object is discovered, it is handled the same as lost property (Lost Property Law, Article 4). In other words, the finder must report it to the police, who will make a public announcement and, if the owner is identified, will return it to him (Law, Articles 6 and 7). If the owner is not identified within six months of the announcement, the finder acquires ownership (Civil Code, Article 241). However, if the discovered object is buried in someone else's property, the other person and the finder each acquire half of the ownership (Civil Code, Article 241, proviso). If the buried object is a cultural property, such as an object to be used for academic, artistic, or archaeological materials, the ownership belongs to the state, and the finder and the owner of the treasure only receive a reward equivalent to the value of the object (Cultural Property Protection Law, Article 63). [Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
土地その他の物(包蔵物)の中に埋蔵されていて、その所有者がだれであるか容易に識別できない物。埋蔵物は土地に埋蔵されている場合が多いが、動産の中に埋蔵されている物でも埋蔵物たりうる。埋蔵物を発見した場合の取扱いは遺失物の場合と同じである(遺失物法4条)。つまり、発見者は警察に届け出なければならず、警察は公告をして、所有者がわかればこれに返還する(同法6条・7条)。公告ののち6か月以内に所有者が判明しなかったときには、発見者がその所有権を取得する(民法241条)。ただし、発見された物が他人の物の中に埋蔵されていたときには、その他人と発見者とで半分ずつ所有権を取得する(同法241条但書)。なお、埋蔵物が学術・技芸もしくは考古の資料に供すべき物である場合のように文化財である場合には、その所有権は国に帰属し、発見者および包蔵物の所有者は、その物の価格に相当する額の報償金を得るにとどまる(文化財保護法63条)。 [高橋康之・野澤正充] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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