A Tokyo Metropolitan psychiatric hospital. It was established in 1879 (Meiji 12) as the Tokyo Prefectural Insane Asylum, renting the insane room of the Tokyo Prefectural Asylum, which was located in Ueno Park at the time. It moved to Mukogaoka in 1881, and to Sugamo Kagocho, Koishikawa Ward in 1886. In 1989 it was renamed Tokyo Prefectural Sugamo Hospital. In 1919 (Taisho 8), it moved to Matsuzawamura in the prefecture (now Kamikitazawa, Setagaya Ward) and became Tokyo Prefectural Matsuzawa Hospital, and in 1943 it was renamed Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, where it remains to this day. Matsuzawa Hospital was the only prefectural psychiatric hospital until the Kyoto Insane Asylum was abolished in 1882 and the Prefectural Kagoshima Sanitarium was opened in 1924 (Taisho 13). From 1887 to 1918, the Imperial University's psychiatry department was located within the Tokyo Prefectural Lunatic Asylum (Sugamo Hospital), and the university was responsible for treating patients. This relationship was dissolved after the hospital moved to Matsuzawa, but the practice of the university's professor of psychiatry also serving as the hospital's director continued until 1949 (Showa 24). Many of the leading psychiatrists before World War II came from here (especially Sugamo Hospital), and for a time it was known as the "Mecca of psychiatry." [Yasushi Okada] "A Personal History of Matsuzawa Hospital by Yasuo Okada (1981, Iwasaki Academic Press)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
東京都立の精神科専門病院。1879年(明治12)、当時、上野公園内にあった東京府養育院の癲狂(てんきょう)室を借りて、東京府癲狂院として発足、81年向ヶ丘に移転、86年小石川区巣鴨駕籠(すがもかご)町に移転。89年東京府巣鴨病院と改称。1919年(大正8)府下松沢村(現世田谷(せたがや)区上北沢)に移転して東京府立松沢病院となり、43年東京都立松沢病院と改称し、現在に至っている。なお、1882年京都癲狂院が廃止され、1924年(大正13)に県立鹿児島保養院が開設されるまで、松沢病院は道府県立の精神科病院として唯一のものであった。 1887年から1918年まで、東京府癲狂院(巣鴨病院)内に帝国大学の精神病学教室が置かれ、患者の治療は同大学の責任で行われていた。松沢移転後はこの関係は解消されたが、その後、49年(昭和24)まで同大学の精神病学担任教授が院長を兼ねる慣習が続いた。第二次世界大戦前の指導的精神医学者の多くが、ここ(とくに巣鴨病院)から巣立ち、一時期「精神医学のメッカ」と称されていた。 [岡田靖雄] 『岡田靖雄著『私説松沢病院史』(1981・岩崎学術出版社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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