Burden of proof

Japanese: 挙証責任 - きょしょうせきにん

Even when the existence or nonexistence of facts that are the basis of a trial cannot be determined using all the evidence, the court must make a trial. For this reason, it is decided which of the parties must prove which facts, and if they are unable to prove them, the trial will be held against that party. The disadvantage that a party bears when they are unable to prove the facts they are supposed to prove is called the burden of proof, and the determination of which party will bear the disadvantage is called the allocation of the burden of proof. In criminal proceedings, the prosecutor bears almost the entire burden of proving criminal facts. On the other hand, in civil proceedings, the term burden of proof is used, and allocation becomes an issue.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

裁判の基礎となる事実の存否についてすべての証拠資料によっても決めかねる場合でも，裁判所は裁判をしなければならない。そこで，いかなる事実は当事者のいずれが立証すべきかを定めておき，その立証ができないときは，その者に不利益に裁判をすることにしている。この当事者が立証すべき事実について証明できないときに負わされる不利益を挙証責任（または立証責任）といい，いずれの当事者が不利益を負うかの定めを挙証責任の分配という。刑事訴訟では，犯罪事実の挙証責任はほとんどすべて検察官が負担する。他方，民事訴訟では，証明責任という語が用いられ，分配が問題となる。

出典　株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて　情報

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