Town group - Chogumi

Japanese: 町組 - ちょうぐみ

Also called "machigumi." A unit of self-government and control formed by the gathering of "machi." In Kyoto, "machi" on both sides of the city was established in the late 15th century. After the Tenbun Hokke Rebellion in the 16th century, "machi" gathered together to form "machigumi" (town groups) (each of which had the rank of "parent town" or "branch town"). The "machigumi" came together to form the "soucho" (town groups) of Kamigyo and Shimogyo. "machi" were autonomously managed by "gachigyouji" (monthly affairs) and "toshiyori" (elderly councilors), and "machigumi" and "soucho" (town groups) were autonomous regional associations of local governments, with "gachigyouji" (monthly affairs) and "toshiyori" (elderly councilors) being set up, and run by representatives of each town. By the early Edo period, all towns in Kyoto were organized into "machigumi," and their autonomy changed, but they continued to function as the basic framework for control.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

〈まちぐみ〉とも。〈町〉が集まって形成された自治・支配の単位。京都では15世紀後半には両側町の〈町〉が成立。16世紀の天文法華(てんぶんほっけ)の乱後，〈町〉が集まって町組を組織（構成した町々には親(おや)町・枝(えだ)町などの格があった）。町組が集合して上京・下京の惣町(そうちょう)を形成。〈町〉は月行事(がちぎょうじ)・年寄(としより)によって自治的に運営され，自律的な地域連合自治体である町組・惣町も月行事町が設定されて，各町の代表者によって運営。江戸時代初期までには洛中の全ての町は町組に編成され，自治権は変質するが，以降も支配の基本的枠組みとして機能した。

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