Puffball - Dust Mushroom

Japanese: ホコリタケ - ほこりたけ

A basidiomycete mushroom of the Pungentromediales and Pungentamiaceae family. It is also called foxglove. It is a member of the Gastromycetes family and is commonly found in the mountains and fields. The mushroom is orb-shaped, with a spherical head and a cylindrical stalk. It is 4-5 cm tall. The surface is initially white, but gradually turns gray-brown and becomes covered with granular projections. The internal flesh is initially white and spongy with fine holes. Spores are produced inside these holes. As the spores mature, the flesh turns gray-green-brown, loses moisture, and becomes dusty and cotton-like. The stalk is tough and spongy, gray-brown. The spores are ejected as dust from a hole at the top of the head. The spores are spherical, light brown, and covered with fine projections. They are 4-5 micrometers in diameter. It is the most common mushroom found worldwide, and the young mushrooms with white flesh are edible. A mushroom similar to the foxglove mushroom is the tanuki no chabukuro. This species grows in colonies on rotting wood, is spherical and almost stalkless, and is relatively easy to see.

[Imaseki Rokuya]

Puffball mushroom

The Pungaceae family includes the genera Lycoperdon , Calvatia , and Lanopila ( Lasiosphaera ). When the spores of mushrooms in the genera Calvatia and Lanopila mature, the outer skin breaks irregularly to expose the inside. All are edible when young, but are not very valuable as food. Research into the Pungaceae family is lagging behind in Japan, with only about 10 species recorded so far. However, there are many unnamed species, and further research is needed. Mushrooms in the Pungaceae family are called babotsu (horse-burst) in Chinese and puffball in English.

[Imaseki Rokuya]

[Reference] | Babots

Puffball (Foxglove)
The mushroom is orb-shaped and 4-5cm tall. It starts out white, gradually turning gray-brown and acquiring granular protrusions. The young mushrooms, with their white flesh inside, are edible. ©Shogakukan Photo by Okuyama Hisashi ">

Puffball (Foxglove)

Major types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (7) [Specimen illustrations]
©Junzo Fujishima ">

Main types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (7) […

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

担子菌類、ホコリタケ目ホコリタケ科のキノコ。キツネノチャブクロともいう。いわゆる腹菌類の仲間で、山野に普通にみられる。キノコは宝珠形で、球状の頭部と円柱状の柄(え)の部分とからなる。高さ4～5センチメートル。表面は初め白いが、しだいに灰褐色になり、粒状の突起を帯びるようになる。内部の肉は初め白く、微細な穴を帯びるスポンジ状である。この穴の内面に胞子がつくられる。胞子が成熟するにつれて肉は灰緑褐色になり、水分を失ってほこりにまみれた古綿状となる。柄の部分は強靭(きょうじん)なスポンジ質で、灰褐色。胞子は頭部の頂端にできる穴から粉ぼこりとなって噴き出る。胞子は球形、淡褐色、細かい突起で覆われる。大きさは径4～5マイクロメートル。世界中に分布するもっとも一般的なキノコで、肉が白い幼菌は食用になる。キツネノチャブクロに似るキノコにタヌキノチャブクロがある。この種は朽ち木に群生し、ほとんど柄を欠く球状のキノコで、比較的よく目につく。

［今関六也］

ホコリタケ科のキノコ

ホコリタケ科には、ホコリタケ属Lycoperdon、ノウタケ属Calvatia、オニフスベ属Lanopila (Lasiosphaera)などがある。ノウタケ属やオニフスベ属のキノコは、胞子が成熟すると外皮が不規則に破れて内部を露出する。いずれも若いときは食用になるが、食品としての価値はそれほど高くない。日本ではホコリタケ科の研究が遅れており、まだ10余種が記録されているにすぎない。しかし、無名種も多く、今後の研究がまたれるところである。なお、ホコリタケ科のキノコを中国名ではバボツ（馬勃）、英名ではパフボールpuffballとよぶ。

［今関六也］

[参照項目] | バボツ

ホコリタケ（キツネノチャブクロ）

キノコのおもな種類（担子菌類）(7)〔…

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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