Law money - Hohei (English spelling) Fa-bi

Japanese: 法幣 - ほうへい(英語表記)Fa-bi
Law money - Hohei (English spelling) Fa-bi
Originally a Chinese word equivalent to the Japanese term legal tender, it generally refers to banknotes issued as legal tender under the Chiang Kai-shek regime from the currency reform of November 1935 until August 1948. From 1933 onwards, the international price of silver rose due to the US's silver purchase policy, and a large amount of silver flowed out of China, which was a silver-standard country, causing serious deflation and a catastrophic recession in the Chinese economy from 1934 to 1935. In response to this, the Chiang regime adopted a managed currency system in November 1935 under which banknotes issued by the four banks of the Nationalist government of China - the Central Bank, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, and the Bank of China Farmers - were made legal tender (later these four banknotes themselves came to be generally called legal tender), and promoted the centralization of the economy. However, due to the excessive printing of these legal tender notes to raise funds for the Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War between the Chinese and the Communist Party, and as a result inflation progressed rapidly, the Chiang Kai-shek government again reformed the currency system in August 1948, issuing new gold yen notes and collecting and liquidating the old legal tender notes at a rate of 3 million yuan = 1 gold yen note, bringing an end to the legal tender system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
元来は日本語の法貨に相当する中国語であるが,一般には 1935年 11月の幣制改革から 48年8月まで蒋介石政権のもとで中国の法貨として発行された銀行券をさす。 33年以降,アメリカの銀買上げ政策により銀の国際価格が騰貴し,銀本位国であった中国から大量の銀が流出したため,34~35年の中国経済は深刻なデフレーションに見舞われ,破局的な不況に陥った。これに対し蒋政権は,35年 11月中国国民政府系の中央,中国,交通,中国農民の4銀行の発行する銀行券を法貨とする管理通貨制を採用し (のちにこれら4銀行券そのものが一般に法幣と呼ばれるようになった) ,経済の中央集権化を推進した。しかし日中戦争や国共間の内戦の戦費調達などによりこの法幣が乱発され,インフレーションが急速に進行したため,48年8月蒋政権によって再び幣制改革が行われ,新たに金円券が発行され旧来の法幣は 300万元=金円券1元の率で回収,整理されて,この法幣制度は終った。

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