Riot - boudou (English spelling)

Japanese: 暴動 - ぼうどう(英語表記)riot
Riot - boudou (English spelling)

It refers to unorganized, spontaneous collective explosive behavior of a crowd. Specific examples include slave revolts in ancient times, peasant uprisings and seditions from the Middle Ages onwards, the storming of the Bastille prison that started the French Revolution, the Luddite movement, and the rice riots. When the masses are subjected to status or class domination or are oppressed economically, politically, socially, or culturally for a long period of time, a great deal of discontent accumulates among the masses, and when some trigger is given, this discontent can explode as a radical, destructive expression of hostility. This is called a riot. Because it is not planned or organized, it is all the more shocking and destructive.

In many cases, riots do not lead to political change, but if they receive the right theory and leadership, they can develop into revolution or civil war. It is difficult to find such examples in Japanese history, but such aspects can be seen in the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution. Riots, because of their violence, radicality, and destructive power, tend to be one-sidedly emphasized as being blind or impulsive, but their aspect as an opportunity for change should be given more importance.

Historically, riots have often occurred at turning points in history, but in today's world, where control and organization have progressed significantly, the term is used as a concept that has little historical basis, distinguishing between race riots, prisoner riots, labor riots, anti-Catholic riots, etc., depending on the target, trigger, and subject of the riot. The riots that have attracted the most attention in the 21st century and should be interpreted with great meaning are probably urban riots related to ethnicity and religion.

[Yazawa Shujiro]

"The French Revolution and the Crowd, by G. Ruede, translated by Teijiro Maekawa et al. (1963, Minerva Shobo) " ▽ "The Power of Social Movements: A Comparative Sociology of Collective Action, by S. Tarrow, translated by Hirotsugu Ohata (2006, Sairyusha)""Holy Monday in Paris: Behind the Scenes of Urban Turmoil in the 19th Century, by Akira Kiyasu (Iwanami Gendai Bunko)"

[References] | Revolution | Crowds | Rice Riots | Race riots | Luddite movement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

群集の未組織的、自然発生的な集合的爆発行動のこと。具体的には、古代における奴隷の反乱、中世以降の農民一揆(いっき)、打毀(うちこわし)、フランス革命の発端になったバスチーユ牢獄(ろうごく)の襲撃、機械打ち壊し(ラダイト)運動、米騒動などがそれにあたる。長期間にわたって、民衆が身分的・階級的支配にさらされたり、経済的、政治的、社会的、文化的に抑圧されたりすると、民衆の間には大量の不満が蓄積されるが、その不満がなんらかのきっかけを得ることによって急進的、破壊的な敵意表出行動として爆発することがある。それが暴動である。計画的、組織的なものではないがゆえに、かえって衝撃力、破壊力に富む。

 多くの場合、暴動は政治的変革には結び付かないが、それが適切な理論と指導者を得るならば、革命とか内乱といった事態に進展していく。こうした事例を日本の歴史にみいだすことはむずかしいが、フランス革命やロシア革命にはそうした側面をみることができる。暴動は、その暴力性、急進性、破壊力のゆえに、ややもするとその盲目性や衝動性が一方的に強調されがちであるが、変革の契機としての側面がもっと重視されてよい。

 歴史的には暴動は時代の曲り角に多く出現してきたが、管理化、組織化が著しく進行している現代においては、暴動の対象・契機・主体によって人種暴動、囚人暴動、労務者暴動、反カトリック暴動などを区別する、ほとんど歴史性を欠いた概念として用いられている。21世紀におけるこれまでもっとも注目される、多くの意味をくみ取られるべき暴動は、エスニシティ(人種・民族)や宗教のかかわる都市暴動であろう。

[矢澤修次郎]

『G・リューデ著、前川貞次郎他訳『フランス革命と群衆』(1963・ミネルヴァ書房)』『S・タロー著、大畑裕嗣監訳『社会運動の力――集合行為の比較社会学』(2006・彩流社)』『喜安朗著『パリの聖月曜日――19世紀都市騒乱の舞台裏』(岩波現代文庫)』

[参照項目] | 革命 | 群集 | 米騒動 | 人種暴動 | ラダイト運動

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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