Battle of Hoji

A battle between the Hojo and Miura clans that broke out in Kamakura in June 1247 (Hoji 1). It is also called the Miura Rebellion. The Miura clan had been closely allied with the Hojo clan, for example, during the Wada War in 1213 (Kenpo 1), they abandoned their relatives, the Wada clan, and sided with the Hojo clan. During the time of Miura Yasumura, they were also related by marriage. However, when Hojo Tokiyori became regent in 1246 (Kangen 4), Nagoshi Mitsutoki, a branch of the Hojo clan, supported the former shogun Kujo Yoritsune and tried to take the regent position from Tokiyori (the palace disturbance). Yasumura's younger brother Mitsumura was also involved in this, so an estrangement began to develop between the two, and there were repeated slanderous accusations that provoked the Miura clan. In order to break this situation, on May 7, Tokiyori made a promise to adopt Yasumura's second son, Komaishimaru, and then on June 5, he had Mannenuma Nyudo and Seia (Taira no Moritsuna) carry a written oath to conclude a peace agreement. Meanwhile, Adachi Kagemori (Kakuchi), a maternal relative of the Hojo clan who competed with the Miura clan for power, saw the situation unfavorable for the Adachi clan, and on the same day, he ordered his son Yoshikage and grandson Yasumori to suddenly attack the Miura residence with over 300 cavalry. Yasumura assumed this was an attack by Tokiyori and fought back, and finally the war began. Hearing this, Tokiyori had no choice but to have Hojo Sanetoki defend the shogunate, and Hojo Tokisada, the main general, attacked the Miura residence with 500 cavalry and set it on fire. After a fierce battle, Yasumura retreated to the Hokkedo Hall, Yoritomo's grave, and Mitsumura, who had been defending at Yofuku-ji Temple, joined them. 276 members of his family and 220 retainers and children committed suicide by disembowelment at the same time. Their heads were hung on Yuigahama Beach the next day, and the Chiba clan, who were related by marriage, also fell into ruin. Thus, Tokiyori's dictatorial system was established.

[Shinichi Kikuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1247年（宝治1）6月、鎌倉で起きた北条氏と三浦氏との戦い。三浦氏の乱ともいう。三浦氏は1213年（建保1）の和田合戦の際にも、同族の和田氏を見捨てて北条氏に荷担するなど、北条氏と密接に提携してきており、三浦泰村(やすむら)の代には姻戚(いんせき)関係も結んでいた。ところが1246年（寛元4）北条時頼(ときより)が執権に就任すると、北条氏の支流名越光時(なごしみつとき)は、前将軍九条頼経(くじょうよりつね)を擁して、時頼から執権の地位を奪おうとした（宮騒動）。これに泰村の弟光村(みつむら)もかかわっていたため、両者の間に疎隔が生じ始め、また三浦氏を挑発するような讒訴(ざんそ)もたび重なっていた。このような状況を打開するため、時頼は5月7日、泰村の次男駒石丸(こまいしまる)を養子とする約束を結び、ついで6月5日には万年馬入道(まんねんうまにゅうどう)・盛阿(せいあ)（平盛綱(もりつな)）に誓紙を持たせて和談を成立させた。一方、北条氏の外戚で三浦氏と勢力を競っていた安達景盛(あだちかげもり)（覚智(かくち)）は、事態の推移が安達氏に不利とみて、同日、子の義景(よしかげ)と孫の泰盛(やすもり)に命じて300余騎で不意に三浦邸を襲わせた。泰村がこれを時頼の襲来と判断して応戦したため、ついに戦端が開かれることとなった。これを聞いた時頼も、やむなく北条実時(さねとき)に幕府を守らせ、北条時定(ときさだ)を大手の大将軍として500騎をもって三浦邸を襲い、火をかけた。激闘のすえ、泰村は頼朝(よりとも)の墓所法華(ほっけ)堂に退き、永福(ようふく)寺で防戦していた光村もこれに合流し、一族276人、郎従家子(ろうじゅういえのこ)220人が同時に腹を切って自害した。首は翌日由比(ゆい)ヶ浜にかけられ、姻戚関係のある千葉氏もまた没落した。こうして時頼の独裁体制が確立したのである。

［菊池紳一］

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