A type of clay found in the Bentonite region of Wyoming, USA, it is a clay mineral formed during the weathering of rocks. It is made up of fine particles with a crystalline structure, and is a substance with a high swelling property, which increases its volume when it absorbs water. This type of clay belongs to the smectite group, and is known to have unique physical properties along with the representative montmorillonite. It is a composite of alumina silicate with calcium and magnesium, and its strong hygroscopicity is due to the structure derived from this chemical composition. When there is a layer of tuffaceous mudstone or volcanic ash underground, bentonite is formed during the weathering decomposition process, and it is known to cause landslides. It is thought that many landslides that continue at a slow speed are caused by swelling clay formed at a certain depth underground, which creates a so-called slide surface, and this clay is called landslide clay. [Shigeo Asami and Makiko Watanabe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ、ワイオミングのベントン地方に産出する粘土の一種で、岩石の風化生成過程で生じた粘土鉱物である。結晶構造をもつ微細な粒子で、水分を吸着すると体積が増えるいわゆる膨潤性の大きな物質である。このような粘土はスメクタイト群に属し、代表的なモンモリロナイトとともに特異な物理性をもつことで知られる。カルシウムとマグネシウムがついたケイ酸アルミナ複合体であって、強い吸湿性はこの化学組成に由来する構造によっている。地中に凝灰岩質泥岩や火山灰層がある場合、その風化分解の過程でベントナイトが生成し、地すべり発生の原因となることが知られている。緩慢な速さで継続する地すべり現象の多くは、地中のある深さに生じた膨潤性の粘土がいわゆるすべり面をつくるためと考えられ、この粘土を地すべり粘土とよぶ。 [浅海重夫・渡邊眞紀子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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