Disguise is the intentional change of appearance (clothing) in order to conceal one's true identity, but a closer look at the process reveals that disguise is a complex act that is rooted in the very essence of human existence. We usually take for granted that our "persona" is defined within a web of relationships woven with "others," and do not pay attention to the fact that even our bare faces are nothing more than a "mask." In order to achieve disguise, it is necessary to make these unconscious assumptions conscious. In other words, by descending to the foundation of the unconscious existence that constitutes the "self" and manipulating the symbolism of the attire (the function of representing social status, role, etc.), the "self" is transformed into the "other." This special act is called disguise when it is done intentionally for a specific purpose (detective, ninja, etc.), and masquerade when it is ritualized (carnival, masquerade ball, etc.), but the distinction between the two can be considered to arise when the same phenomenon is viewed from different aspects. In Japan, the Kojiki and Nihonshoki already contain a description of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto cross-dressing. Also, because of its unique characteristics, disguise has often appeared in artistic works as an expressive effect that sheds light on the depths of human nature. For example, Kabuki often features disguise, and is given names such as hengemono, in which the same actor quickly changes into different roles and dances one after the other. [Tosa Masaki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
自己を隠蔽(いんぺい)するために、意図的に装い(姿や服装)を変えることであるが、その過程を緻密(ちみつ)に考察すると、変装は人間存在の本質に根ざす複雑な営為であることがわかる。 われわれはふだん、「他者」の織り成す関係の束のなかで規定される「人格(ペルソナ)」を自己のアイデンティティとして自明視しており、素顔さえも一つの「仮面(ペルソナ)」にほかならないことに注意を払わない。変装を遂げるためには、こうした無意識の前提を意識化する必要がある。すなわち、「自己」を成立させる無意識的な存在の基盤へと降り立ち、装いのもつ象徴性(社会的地位や役割などを表徴する機能)を操ることによって、「自己」から「他者」への変換がなされるのである。この特殊な営為を、ある特定な目的のために意図的に行う場合(探偵、忍者など)に変装とよび、儀礼化した場合(カーニバル、仮装舞踏会など)に仮装とよんでいるが、両者の区別は同一現象を異なった側面からとらえた場合に生まれるものと考えることもできる。変装に関して日本では、倭建命(やまとたけるのみこと)の女装の記述がすでに記紀にみられる。また、その独自な性格ゆえに、人間の深淵(しんえん)に光を当てる表現効果として、変装はたびたび芸術作品のなかに登場してきた。たとえば、歌舞伎(かぶき)にはしばしば変装を扱ったものがあり、同じ俳優が次々に別の役に早変わりして踊る変化物(へんげもの)などの名称が与えられている。 [土佐昌樹] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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