When an animal suddenly stops moving and assumes a posture as if it were dead. This can be seen in many insects, spiders, and other vertebrates. When a certain type of beetle is perched on a branch or piece of grass that suddenly shakes, it retracts its legs and antennae, falls to the ground, and remains motionless for a while. This is thought to occur as a reflex change in the state of muscle tension throughout the body in response to a strong stimulus. Adaptationally, death feigning can be considered a defensive behavior against predators. Predators generally only prey on moving objects and will not attack stationary objects. Therefore, beetles that maintain a death feigning posture on the ground can escape the eyes of predators. On the other hand, some mammals, birds, and snakes adopt a death feigning posture while under attack. In these cases, it can be considered a strategy to temporarily lose the interest of predators by not moving, and then quickly escape while they are distracted. [Tetsuo Kuwamura] "Defensive Strategies of Animals" by Edmunds, translated by Yoshiaki Obara and Yoshiomi Kato (1980, Baifukan Publishing) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物が急に動かなくなって、あたかも死んだような姿勢をとること。多くの昆虫やクモをはじめ脊椎(せきつい)動物においてもみられる。ある種の甲虫では、自分の止まっている枝や草が急に揺れると、肢(あし)や触角を縮めて地上に落下し、しばらくそのまま動かない。これは、強い刺激に対して全身の筋肉の緊張状態が反射的に変化することによっておこると考えられている。 擬死は、適応的には捕食者に対する防衛行動の一つとみなすことができる。捕食者は一般に動くものに対してしか捕食行動を示さず、動かないものには手を出さない。したがって、地上で擬死の姿勢をとり続ける甲虫は、捕食者の目から逃れることができる。一方、哺乳(ほにゅう)類、鳥類、ヘビなどでは敵に攻撃されている最中に擬死の姿勢をとるものがある。この場合は、動かないことによって一時的に捕食者の興味を失わせ、そのすきにすばやく逃げ去る戦略であると考えることができる。 [桑村哲生] 『エドムンズ著、小原嘉明・加藤義臣訳『動物の防衛戦略』全2冊(1980・培風館)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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