Plesiosaurus - Plesiosaurus (English spelling)

Japanese: プレシオサウルス - ぷれしおさうるす(英語表記)plesiosaur
Plesiosaurus - Plesiosaurus (English spelling)

A marine reptile that flourished in the Early Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, about 199.6 to 175.6 million years ago, and is a representative genus of plesiosaurs. It was 3 meters long and lived in Europe. At first glance, it looks like a snake with a long neck connected to a sea turtle-like body, but its skeleton is completely different. In the superfamily Plesiosauroidea, which includes plesiosaurs, it has a relatively long neck and a small head. Its limbs were paddle-shaped like a sea turtle, but longer and narrower. Its shoulders and hips were built with powerful muscles. Its body was mobile and suited to skillful movements rather than fast swimming. It could quickly stretch its long neck to catch prey, and it could change direction by paddling forward with one flipper while moving backward with the other flipper. Its food consisted of small fish and squids. The torso and long neck of this species were not suited to diving, and would suggest that it lived in relatively shallow waters.

[Ikuo Obata]

"The Mystery of Pterosaurs: The Age of Pterosaurs, Plesiosaurs, and Ichthyosaurs" by Ryuichi Kaneko, Mika Nakano, and Eriko Nagao (1995, Futami Shobo)

[Reference] | Plesiosaurus

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中生代ジュラ紀前期の、約1億9960万年~1億7560万年前に栄えた海生爬虫(はちゅう)類で、首長竜の代表属。全長3メートルで、ヨーロッパに生息していた。一見、ヘビのように長い頸(くび)がウミガメのような胴につながった外観を呈するが、骨格はまったく異なる。プレシオサウルスを含むプレシオサウルス上科Plesiosauroideaでは、比較的頸の長い種類で、頭が小さい。四肢はウミガメのように櫂(かい)状であったが、より長く幅が狭かった。肩と腰のつくりは力強い筋肉がついていた。体は、速く泳ぐというよりは巧みに動かすのに向いており、機動性があった。長い頸をさっと伸ばして獲物をとらえることができたし、片側のひれ足で水をかいて前進すると同時に、反対側のひれ足では後進する動きをするなどして方向転換もできた。餌(えさ)としていたのは小形の魚類やイカ類であった。この類の胴や長い頸は潜水向きではなく、むしろ比較的浅い海での生活を示すものであろう。

[小畠郁生]

『金子隆一・中野美鹿・長尾衣里子著『翼竜の謎――翼竜・首長竜・魚竜の時代』(1995・二見書房)』

[参照項目] | 首長竜

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