Versailles - Versailles (English spelling)

Japanese: ベルサイユ - べるさいゆ(英語表記)Versailles
Versailles - Versailles (English spelling)

The capital of the Yvelines department in northern France. The seat of the Bourbon dynasty's court (1682-1789). Population 85,726 (1999). It is the home of the Palace of Versailles, and is located 21 km southwest of Paris, near the capital, making it a tourist destination centered on the palace.

Until the 17th century, it was a small village and a hunting ground for the French royal family. The construction of the palace was planned by Louis XIV, who disliked Paris, and construction began in 1662. It was a major project to transform the local nature and drive out old villages, as the king described it as "the arrogant pleasure of subjugating nature" (Saint-Simon), and was the construction of a planned city. The construction was carried out by the leading architects, gardeners, and craftsmen of the time, such as Le Notre, Lebeau, Lebrun, and Mansart, and a magnificent palace garden was created, with a palace boasting symmetrical beauty with the same shape on both sides, a large garden with a geometrical composition, and the Clâniere Palace and other annexes scattered around. The king moved to the new palace in 1682, but it continued to be expanded and renovated, and it took about 40 years to complete. During the reign of Louis XV, urbanization progressed with the creation of a commercial district to the north and a residential area for aristocrats and bureaucrats to the south, and by the end of the 18th century, it had become a royal capital with a population of about 50,000. After the 1789 Revolution, the city fell into a period of decline, but was revived as a satellite city on the outskirts of Paris. The palace was the site of many historic conferences, declarations and treaties, including the meeting of the Estates General on May 4, 1789, which sparked the revolution. It was in the palace's Hall of Mirrors that Kaiser Wilhelm I proclaimed the unified German Empire on January 18, 1871. The peace treaty of World War I was also signed in the same Hall of Mirrors on June 28, 1919.

[Haruo Chiba]

[References] | Palace of Versailles | Treaty of Versailles

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス北部、イブリーヌ県の県都。ブルボン王朝時代の宮廷所在地(1682~1789)。人口8万5726(1999)。ベルサイユ宮殿の所在地で、パリ南西21キロメートルと首都近郊にあることから、同宮殿を中心とする観光地となっている。

 17世紀までは小寒村で、フランス王家の狩猟場であった。宮殿建設はパリを嫌ったルイ14世によって企画され、1662年に工事が開始された。それは王の「自然を制圧する尊大な楽しみ」(サン・シモン)と評されるように、当地の自然を改造し、旧村落を追い立てる大事業であり、計画都市の建設であった。建設には、ル・ノートル、ルボー、ルブランやマンサールなど、当代第一級の建築家、園芸家、工芸家たちが担当し、左右同形の均斉美を誇る宮殿と幾何学的な構図の大庭園、クラニー宮その他の別館が散在する壮大な宮苑(きゅうえん)が創設された。王は1682年に新王宮に移ったが、増改築が続き、完成まで約40年を費やした。ルイ15世の時代には、さらに北に商工街区、南に貴族・官僚居住区がつくられて都市化が進行し、18世紀末には人口約5万の王都となった。1789年の革命後、一時衰退したが、パリ郊外の衛星都市として蘇生(そせい)した。宮殿は数々の歴史的会議や宣言、条約締結の場となった。なかでも、1789年5月4日には全国三部会の議場となり、革命を誘発した。1871年1月18日、ウィルヘルム1世によって統一ドイツ帝国が宣せられたのも宮殿の鏡の間である。第一次世界大戦の講和条約も1919年6月28日に同じ鏡の間で調印された。

[千葉治男]

[参照項目] | ベルサイユ宮殿 | ベルサイユ条約

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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