Watamaru of the Bunmuro

A military commander and official in the early Heian period. Son of Mimuro Ason Ohara. He served as Konoe Shogen, Dewa Gon no Kami, Harima no Kami, Ukyo no Taifu, and Hidari no Otoneri no Kami. In 809 (Daido 4), he changed his name to Miyama Ason, then changed his surname to Fumimura Mahito, and became Hyobu Taifu. The following year, during the Kusuko Incident, he was initially imprisoned because he was on the side of the retired Emperor Heizei, but was pardoned due to the advice of Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, who was a samurai who valued martial arts, and was promoted to the rank of Shoshi no Jo (Senior Fourth Rank), and further served as Minister of Finance and Inspector of Mutsu and Dewa. In 811 (Kōnin 2) and from 813 to 814, he became Seii Shogun, and mobilized over 10,000 soldiers from both Mutsu and Dewa to attack the Emishi in Nisatate and Hei villages. During this period, he proposed various measures to reform the military systems of both provinces, provide relief for the peasants, and relocate the Emishi, and worked to bring about the establishment of a Ritsuryo system in Ou society. He was promoted to Chunagon in 818. His younger brother was Fumimura Akitsu, the chief priest of the Council of Ministers, Inspectors and Police, who was demoted in the Jowa Incident (842).

[Yumino Masatake]

"Ezo" by Tomio Takahashi (1963, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) "The Development of the Ancient Tohoku Region" by Naokichi Niino (1969, Hanawa Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安前期の武将、官人。三室朝臣(みむろのあそん)大原(おおはら)の子。近衛将監(このえしょうげん)、出羽権守(でわのごんのかみ)、播磨(はりま)守、右京大夫(たいふ)、左大舎人頭(ひだりのおおとねりのかみ)などを歴任。809年（大同4）三山(みやま)朝臣と改め、さらに文室真人(まひと)に改姓、兵部大輔(たいふ)となる。翌年薬子(くすこ)の変では、初め平城(へいぜい)上皇側にあったため禁固されるが、武芸を惜しむ坂上田村麻呂(さかのうえのたむらまろ)の献言により許されて参議正四位上となり、さらに大蔵卿(おおくらきょう)陸奥出羽按察使(むつでわあぜち)を兼ねた。811年（弘仁2）と813～814年には征夷(せいい)将軍となり、陸奥出羽両国兵1万余人を動員して尓薩体(にさて)、幣伊(へい)両村の蝦夷(えみし)を攻略した。この時期に両国の兵制改革、百姓賑恤(ひゃくせいしんじゅつ)、蝦夷移配対策を種々献策して奥羽社会の律令(りつりょう)化を図った。818年中納言(ちゅうなごん)に進んだ。承和(じょうわ)の変（842）で左降された参議検非違使(けびいし)別当文室秋津は弟である。

［弓野正武］

『高橋富雄著『蝦夷』（1963・吉川弘文館）』▽『新野直吉著『古代東北の開拓』（1969・塙書房）』

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