They are also called molecular crystals. They are crystals formed when molecules that can exist independently aggregate due to van der Waals forces, and low molecular weight molecules generally have low melting points and are prone to sublimation. A true molecular crystal is one whose molecular structure within the crystal is almost the same as that in the gas state. In water, acids, and bases, the contribution of hydrogen bonds within the crystal is large, affecting the molecular structure. Aluminum chloride is a dimer molecule of Al 2 Cl 6 in the gas state, but in crystals it becomes an ionic crystal. Phosphorus pentachloride PCl 5 also becomes a complex salt of [PCl 4 ][PCl 6 ] in crystals. [Shinmyo Iwamoto, July 21, 2015] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
分子性結晶ともいう。単独に存在しうる分子がファン・デル・ワールス力で凝集して生成する結晶であり、低分子量分子では一般に融点が低く、昇華しやすい特徴をもつ。結晶内での分子構造が気体での構造とほとんど変わらないものが真の分子結晶である。水や酸、塩基では結晶内での水素結合の寄与が大きくなり、分子構造に影響している。塩化アルミニウムは気体ではAl2Cl6の二量体分子であるが、結晶はイオン結晶となる。五塩化リンPCl5も結晶では[PCl4][PCl6]の錯塩となる。 [岩本振武 2015年7月21日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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