Boulé (English spelling)

Japanese: ブーレ(英語表記)boulē
Boulé (English spelling)
In ancient Greece, a council was established to handle the daily affairs of the state on behalf of the citizens, and was composed of a certain number of citizens. Its origins lie in the assembly of the nobles, which was an advisory body to the king. It was seen in Athens, Argos, Corinth, and other places from the end of the 6th century BC, and appeared during the transition to democracy. In oligarchy, it was independent of the popular assembly (ekklesia) in some respects, but in democracy, it was a committee that followed the popular assembly. In Athens, a boule of 400 members was created by Solon, and it is said that it prepared proposals to be submitted to the popular assembly. As a result of Cleisthenes' reforms, a boule of 500 members, consisting of 50 members each from the 10 newly established tribes, replaced Solon's (→ Council of Five Hundred). It was selected by lottery from citizens over 30 years old, its term of office was one tenth of a year, and it could be held twice in a lifetime, but with an interval between each. The members were divided into groups of 50 from the same tribe (so 10 groups took turns) and took turns on duty (prytanēs), preparing for business. Their duties included drafting proposals for the assembly, foreign affairs, finances, administrative supervision, and religious rites. They also examined the work of officials and tried certain criminal cases, making them the most important organ of democracy.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
古代ギリシアにおいて,市民に代って国の日常の業務にたずさわるために設置され,特定数の市民で構成された議会。評議会と訳される。その起源は王の諮問機関であった貴族の会議にある。前6世紀末からアテネ,アルゴス,コリントなどにみられ,民主政への移行の過程に現れた。寡頭政ではある面で民会 (エクレシア ) から独立していたが,民主政では民会に従う委員会であった。アテネでは構成員 400人のブーレがソロンによってつくられ,民会に提出する議案を準備したといわれる。クレイステネスの改革の結果,新しく制定された 10部族から各 50人ずつ選出された 500人から成るブーレが,ソロンのそれに取って代った (→五百人評議会 ) 。 30歳以上の市民から抽選で選ばれ,任期は1年の 10分の1で一生に2回,ただし間隔をおいて就任することができた。構成員は同一部族の 50人が1組となって (したがって 10組が順番に) 当番 (プリュタネイス) となり,業務の準備を行なった。その職務は民会のための議案作成をはじめ,外交や財政,行政の監督,祭事などに及び,役人の執務審査やある種の犯罪の裁判も行い,民主政の最も重要な機関であった。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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