This refers to large-scale plantations based on large landholdings that began as part of the modern colonial system during the period of original accumulation when capitalism was established, and developed rapidly during the imperialist stage, especially from the second half of the 19th century onwards. They are also translated as plantation plantations or plantation systems. They are widely found in colonies and semi-colonies in the tropics and subtropics, such as Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and cultivate crops that could not be grown in the home country, or could not be grown profitably, such as tea, coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, pineapple, rubber, and cotton. These plantations cultivated a single crop (known as a monoculture), but they were not grown for local consumption by the people of the colonies or semi-colonies, but as a commodity to be exported to the mother country or other so-called "developed countries." In this way, while the plantations cultivated crops as commodities for the purpose of profit, the working conditions of the people who worked there were extremely poor, and it cannot be said that a modern capital-wage labor relationship had been established. This can be easily understood by recalling the case of the former southern United States, which can be considered a typical example of a plantation. So, in this way, single crops were cultivated on plantations as a commodity, but the impact this had on the economies of colonies and semi-colonies was significant. This is because the spread of plantations, which were not originally started out of local need, dealt a serious blow to the local natural economy-based economic structure. And as a distorted monocultural economic structure took hold, it became difficult for colonies and semi-colonies to achieve balanced economic development. This must be said to be a negative legacy that continues to restrict the development of these regions to this day. [Koji Sawada] "Development and Peasant Societies" by R. Stavenhagen, translated by Harunari Yamazaki et al. (1981, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment" by A. Frank, translated by Kenji Ago (1980, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Why is Asia Poor?" by Yoshiyuki Tsurumi (1982, Asahi Shimbun)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
資本主義の成立期である本源的蓄積期に近代植民制度の一環として始まり、帝国主義段階に入って、とりわけ19世紀の後半以降急速に発展した大土地所有に基づく大規模農園のこと。栽植農園、栽植制度などと訳されている。東南アジアやラテンアメリカ、アフリカなど、熱帯や亜熱帯の植民地・半植民地に広く存在し、茶、コーヒー、ココア、サトウキビ、パイナップル、ゴム、綿花など、本国では栽培できないか、できても有利に栽培できない作物を栽培した。 このプランテーションでは単一作物の栽培が行われたが(これをモノカルチュアという)、それは植民地や半植民地の人々が現地で消費するために栽培されたのではなく、本国など、いわゆる「先進国」に輸出するための商品として栽培されたのである。このようにプランテーションでは利潤を目的に商品としての作物が栽培されたのであるが、そこで働く人々の労働条件は非常に劣悪であり、とうてい近代的な資本=賃労働関係が成立していたとはいえない。これは、プランテーションの一典型ともいえるかつてのアメリカ合衆国南部の場合を想起すれば容易に納得のいくところであろう。 さて、このようにプランテーションでは単一作物が商品として栽培されたわけであるが、このことが植民地や半植民地の経済に与えた影響は重大である。なぜなら、もともと現地の必要性によって始められたのではないプランテーションの普及により、現地の自然経済的な経済構造が重大な打撃を受けたからである。そしてモノカルチュア的ないびつな経済構造が定着していくことにより、植民地や半植民地であった地域がバランスのとれた経済発展を遂げることを困難にしたからである。この点は今日までそれらの地域の発展を制約する要因となっている負の遺産であるといわなければならない。 [沢田幸治] 『R・スタベンハーゲン著、山崎春成他訳『開発と農民社会』(1981・岩波書店)』▽『A・フランク著、吾郷健二訳『従属的蓄積と低開発』(1980・岩波書店)』▽『鶴見良行著『アジアはなぜ貧しいか』(1982・朝日新聞社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Brandes, Georg Morris Cohen
…Because today's important inventions are oft...
A literary and ideological magazine published by ...
〘 noun 〙 French. A book that combines commentaries...
Located in Ikusu, Kamisu City, Ibaraki Prefecture...
...A genus of ornamental fern in the Caprifoliace...
…The French word pain is the same. In English it ...
…It is disliked as a harmful algae in seaweed far...
It is said to be a noun derived from the conjunct...
...1612-75), and Rosa, who pioneered romantic lan...
A Rinzai sect monk from the Momoyama to early Edo...
… [Accounting Functions] The functions of account...
Year of death: 15th June 1242 (14th July 1242) Yea...
...In some places, the fire festivals held on the...
A common terrestrial orchid (illustration) that pr...
…a sect of ancient Greeks, called in Greek as the...