Cyclization is the process of converting a chain compound into a ring compound. Generally, a cyclization reaction is carried out using a compound that has functional groups at both ends of the chain structure. For example, the Dieckmann reaction is a cyclization reaction of a diester ( ). In addition, the Friedel-Crafts reaction can be used to synthesize fused ring compounds. There are also ring-closing reactions, such as the Diels-Alder reaction, in which a single ring is produced from two types of molecules, a diene and a dienophile.[Takeo Sato and Masaru Hirota, July 21, 2015] Ring-closing polymerizationThis is also called cyclopolymerization. If the conditions are well chosen, a monomer with two easily polymerizable groups in one molecule will polymerize while forming a ring. It is difficult to obtain a 100% cyclized polymer, and as the polymerization rate increases, unreacted functional groups often undergo intermolecular reactions, resulting in crosslinking and insolubilization. Most cyclized polymers have thermodynamically stable five- or six-membered ring structures. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] [References] | | |©Shogakukan "> Dieckmann reaction (diethyl hexanedioate) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎖式化合物を環式化合物に変換することで、環化ともいう。一般に鎖状構造の両末端に官能基をもつ化合物を用いて環化反応を行わせる。たとえばディークマン反応はジエステルの環化反応である( )。また、フリーデル‐クラフツ反応を利用すると縮合環化合物を合成できる。ディールス‐アルダー反応のように、ジエンと親ジエン試薬の2種類の分子から一つの環が生成する閉環反応もある。[佐藤武雄・廣田 穰 2015年7月21日] 閉環重合環化重合ともいう。1分子中に2個の重合しやすい基をもつ単量体は、うまく条件を選択すると環を形成しながら重合する。100%環化した重合体を得ることはむずかしく、重合率の増加とともに未反応の官能基の分子間反応により、架橋して不溶化する場合が多い。環化重合体は熱力学的に安定な、5員環または6員環構造のものがほとんどである。 [垣内 弘] [参照項目] | | |©Shogakukan"> ディークマン反応(ヘキサン二酸ジエチル… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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