Negative resistance - Fusei Teiko (English spelling) negative resistance

Japanese: 負性抵抗 - ふせいていこう(英語表記)negative resistance
Negative resistance - Fusei Teiko (English spelling) negative resistance
This refers to the case where mechanical or electrical resistance takes a negative value. Ordinary positive resistance dissipates energy. For example, skis sliding on level snow gradually lose kinetic energy due to frictional resistance with the snow and come to a stop. The lost kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy and melts the snow. When an electric current is passed through a resistor such as a nichrome wire, power is consumed and heat is generated in return. However, when an electric current is passed through something that exhibits negative resistance, power is generated and supplied to an external circuit. According to the laws of thermodynamics, no energy can be created from nothing, so energy equivalent to the generated energy must be supplied to the negative resistance in some other form. An example of negative resistance is the Esaki diode. As can be seen from the characteristic curve, the current value of the Esaki diode is uniquely determined when the voltage is determined, but the voltage cannot be uniquely determined even if the current is determined because there are three possible values ​​for the voltage. This type of negative resistance is called voltage-controlled negative resistance. In contrast, a diode in which the voltage is uniquely determined when the current is determined is called current-controlled negative resistance. Negative resistance is a type of resistance that occurs when a current flows through a resistor, which is a positive feedback resistor.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
機械的または電気的抵抗が負の値をとる場合をいう。通常の正の抵抗はエネルギーを消散する。たとえば,水平な雪の上を滑るスキーは雪との摩擦抵抗のために運動エネルギーが次第に失われて静止する。失われた運動エネルギーは熱エネルギーに変換されて雪を溶かす。ニクロム線などの抵抗体に電流を流すと,電力が消費されてそのかわりに熱が発生する。ところが,負性抵抗を示すものに電流を通じると,かえって電力が発生し,外部回路に電力が供給される。熱力学の法則によれば,いかなるエネルギーも無から生じることはないので,発生したエネルギーに見合うだけのエネルギーは他の別の形で負性抵抗に供給されているはずである。負性抵抗の一例としてエサキダイオードがある。エサキダイオードは,特性曲線からわかるように,電圧を決めると電流値が一義的に定まるが,電流を決めても電圧には3つの可能な値が存在するので一義的に定まらない。こういう型の負性抵抗を電圧制御型負性抵抗と名づける。これに対して,電流を決めると電圧が一義的に定まるものを電流制御型負性抵抗という。アーク放電,ダブルベース・ダイオード,SCR,サイリスタによる負性抵抗はこの型に属する。真空管やトランジスタなどの増幅素子に正帰還を施しても負性抵抗をつくることができる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  arrhythmia

>>:  Asymmetric carbon atom

Recommend

Tokoyama

A profession subordinate to theater, a specialist...

Božena Němcová (English spelling)

Czechoslovakian novelist. Born in Vienna to a Ger...

index of warmth

...There are also various other dryness indices t...

Microprogram - Microprogram (English spelling)

A program used to control electronic circuits tha...

myrrha

…Buderia from India has long been known as a type...

New commoner - Shinheimin

A discriminatory term that has been mistakenly us...

Dawes Act - Dawes Severalty Act

This law could be considered a homestead law for ...

Ryozen Castle

A castle from the Northern and Southern Courts per...

Fruit trees - Kaju

It refers to perennial woody plants that bear fru...

Kiriathalba - Kiriathalba

…A town that has existed since the 18th century B...

Erosion corrosion

… [Classification of corrosion by mechanism] Loca...

"The Chinese Collection"

…His posthumous name is Bunkei. His books include...

Yuki Magosaburou - Yuki Magosaburou

A stage name for a string puppeteer. The first wa...

Ehrlich's side chain theory

…During this time, he achieved great success by d...

Easter Egg

...Jews also ate eggs during the Passover festiva...