Fouché, Joseph, Duc d'Otrante

Japanese: フーシェ（英語表記）Fouché， Joseph， Duc d'Otrante

Born: May 21, 1759, Pellerin, Nantes
[Died] December 26, 1820. Trieste. French politician. He was a teacher at the Oratorio School, and joined the Jacobin Club when the French Revolution broke out, and was elected a member of the National Convention in September 1792. At the trial of King Louis XVI, he supported the death penalty and was a member of the Mountain Party. However, after being criticized by M. Robespierre for his excessive leadership of the revolution in Nevers and Lyon, he participated in the plots of the Thermidor reaction. In the coup of 18 Fructidor, he assisted P. Barras, and was appointed as the government representative to Italy and then the Netherlands. In July 1899, he was appointed Minister of Police in the Directory, and in the coup of 18 Brumaire, he sided with Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I) and was appointed Inspector General of Police in the Consulate. He resigned in 1802, but was reappointed in 1804 for his contribution to the discovery of the plot of G. Cadoudal. In 1809 he became Duke of Otranto, but during Napoleon's Spanish campaign, his conspiracy with C. Talleyrand was discovered, which caused him to lose the trust of the emperor. After Napoleon abdicated, he became Minister of Police for Louis XVIII, but was expelled as an assassin of the king by a decree in 1816, and went into exile in Prague, Linz, and Trieste. His main work is Mémoires (1822-24).

Fouché
Foucher, Alfred

Born: November 21, 1865 in Lorient
[Died] 1952. A French orientalist. From 1901 to 1907 he was director of the Ecole franco-extreme-orient, and in 1919 he was professor of Indian language at the University of Paris. In 1926 he was acting director of the Maison Franco-Japonais in Tokyo. His greatest work was linking Indian art with Greek art. He made several academic expeditions to India, Indochina, and Afghanistan, and investigated the ruins of the Bamiyan Gorge. His main works are "Études sur l'iconographie bouddhique de l'Inde" (1900), "Sur la frontière indo-afghane" (01), "L'Art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhāra" (2 volumes, 05-51), and "La vie du Buddha, d'après les textes et les monuments de l'Inde" (49).

Fouché
Fouché, Jacobus Johannes

Born: June 6, 1898 in Bloemfontein
[Died] September 23, 1980, Cape Town. South African politician. Graduated from Stellenbosch University. Member of the House of Representatives from 1941 to 1950 and 1960 to 1968. After serving as Governor of the Orange Free State from 1951 to 1959, he served as Minister of Defence from 1959 to 1966 and Minister of Agriculture, Technology and Water Works from 1966 to 1968. In February 1968, he became the second President of the Republic. He retired in April 1975.

Fouché
Foucher, Simon

Born: March 1, 1644, Dijon
Died April 27, 1696. A French philosopher who criticized the Cartesian school in Paris. He studied theology in Paris and became a priest. He considered himself a restorer of the Academic school. He argued that since there is an interaction between the mind and the body, the mind and matter (the body) are similar, and he debated with Malebranche and Leibniz.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1759.5.21. ナント，ペルラン
[没]1820.12.26. トリエステ
フランスの政治家。オラトリオ会学校の教師をつとめ，フランス革命が勃発するやジャコバン・クラブに加入し，1792年9月国民公会議員。国王ルイ 16世の裁判では死刑に賛成し，山岳派に籍をおいた。しかしヌベールやリヨンでの革命指導の行過ぎを M.ロベスピエールに批判されて以後テルミドールの反動の謀略に参加。フリュクティドール 18日のクーデターでは P.バラスを助け，その功績でイタリア，次いでオランダ派遣の政府代表となった。 99年7月総裁政府の警察大臣に任命され，ブリュメール十八日のクーデターではナポレオン・ボナパルト (ナポレオン1世) に味方し，執政政府の警視総監に就任。 1802年辞任したが，G.カドゥーダルの陰謀の発見に寄与して 04年再び登用された。 09年オトラント公となったが，ナポレオンのスペイン遠征中 C.タレーランとの策謀が発覚して皇帝の信用を落した。ナポレオンの退位後ルイ 18世の警察大臣となったが，16年の法令によって国王弑逆者として追放され，プラハ，リンツ，トリエステに亡命。主著『回想録』 Mémoires (1822～24) 。

フーシェ
Foucher， Alfred

[生]1865.11.21. ロリアン
[没]1952. ソー
フランスの東洋学者。 1901～07年フランス極東学院長，19年パリ大学インド語教授。 26年東京日仏会館代理館長。彼の最大の仕事はインド美術をギリシア美術と関係づけたことである。数度にわたってインド，インドシナ，アフガニスタンに学術探検し，バーミアーン峡谷の遺跡を調査。主著"Études sur l'iconographie bouddhique de l'Inde" (1900) ，"Sur la frontière indo-afghane" (01) ，"L'Art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhāra" (2巻，05～51) ，"La vie du Buddha，d'après les textes et les monuments de l'Inde" (49) 。

フーシェ
Fouché, Jacobus Johannes

[生]1898.6.6. ブルームフォンテーン
[没]1980.9.23. ケープタウン
南アフリカ共和国の政治家。ステレンブーシュ大学卒業。1941～50，1960～68年下院議員。1951～59年オレンジ自由州知事を経て，1959～66年国防大臣，1966～68年農業技術・水利事業大臣を務めた。1968年2月共和国第2代大統領に就任。1975年4月退任。