Fushan

A Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His original name was Dingchen. His pen name was Qingzhu, which he later changed to Qingzhu. He had many pen names, including Shi Daoren and Zhenshan. He was from Taiyuan (Shanxi Province). Born into a family of scholars, he was well versed in the classics, history and Taoism as well as Buddhism from a young age, and was known for his great learning. After the fall of the Ming dynasty, he wandered to various places and practiced medicine, and as a Ming surviving citizen, he expressed his rebellious intentions towards the Qing dynasty, and never served them despite being invited to do so. He first studied calligraphy under the Jin and Tang dynasties, Zhao Mengfu, and later under Yan Zhenqing, but eventually he reached a state of mind where he rejected flirtatious flirtation and smoothness in pursuit of sincerity, and was praised for his carefree, continuous grass, on a par with Wang Duo. His paintings are praised for their openness and excellent structure, and his ink and bamboo paintings for their brilliance. His collection of works includes the "Selections of Fushan's Paintings and Calligraphy," and his collection of essays includes the "Collection of Frost and Red Temples."

[Shigenori Tsutsui]

"'Calligraphy Masterpieces Series 190 Fuzanshu' (1974, Nigensha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の書画家、詩人。初名は鼎臣(ていしん)。字(あざな)は青竹、のち青主と改めた。号は石道人、真山など非常に多い。太原(たいげん)（山西省）の人。学者の家に生まれ、若いころから経史諸子はもちろん道仏にまで通じ、碩学(せきがく)で知られた。明の滅亡後は諸方に流寓(りゅうぐう)して医術を業とし、明の遺民として清朝に反抗の意を表明して、招かれても終生仕えなかった。書は初め晋(しん)唐の楷書(かいしょ)や趙孟頫(ちょうもうふ)などを習い、のちに顔真卿(がんしんけい)を学んだが、ついに巧媚(こうび)軽滑を排して真率を求める境地に達し、放逸な連綿草をよくして王鐸(おうたく)と並び称せられる。画(え)は、山水は磊落(らいらく)にして骨法優れ、墨竹は気韻があると評されている。作品集に『傅山書画選集』、文集に『霜紅龕(そうこうがん)集』がある。

［筒井茂徳］

『『書跡名品叢刊190　傅山集』（1974・二玄社）』

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