Fu-she (English spelling)

Japanese: 復社 - ふくしゃ（英語表記）Fu-she

A literary association in the late Ming Dynasty of China. It was founded in 1629 as a nationwide organization for readers, centering on the Ying Society, which was founded in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and advocated the "revival of ancient learning." Its central leaders were Zhang Pu and Zhang Cai, both from Taicang, Jiangsu. They were descended from the Donglin Party and criticized the empty academic trends of the time, while also actively criticizing real politics, attacking the eunuch faction and the bureaucrats who were allied with it. However, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, when Ruan Daixing came to power in the Fu King government, they were oppressed and their influence waned.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明末の文学的結社。「古学復興」を唱えて江蘇省常熟で結成された応社を中心に，崇禎2 (1629) 年読書人の全国的組織として結成されたもの。中心的指導者は江蘇太倉の人，張溥 (ちょうふ) ，張采で，東林党の流れをくみ，当時の空疎な学問的傾向を批判するとともに，現実の政治批判をも積極的に行い，宦官派やそれと結ぶ官僚を攻撃した。しかし明の滅亡後，福王政権で阮大せい (げんだいせい) が実権を握ると弾圧を受け，勢力は衰えた。

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