Scarf - Fin

A type of ancient clothing. A single or double piece of cloth that is draped over both shoulders from behind and hangs down in front. It is also written as 'shoulder wrap' or 'hirei'. It seems that the way the wrap swayed had a magical meaning, as in the Kojiki, it is written that the Ame-no-hiboko brought eight types of treasures, including the 'Nami-furu' 'hirei', the 'Nami-kiru' 'hirei', the 'Kaze-furu' 'hirei', and the 'Kaze-kiru' 'hirei'. It is also mentioned in the Manyoshu, but the article in the Nihon Shoki for the 11th year of Emperor Tenmu's reign (682) states that "the sashes and shoulder-width scarves worn by the women in attendance and the ladies-in-waiting were all but forbidden," and so it was abolished. There is no provision for this in the Yoro clothing order, but the Engishiki's Nuidono-ryo chapter lists the scarf in the section on annual clothing for the Middle Empress, the section on repose of souls, and other places, and it was used again. It is known from the Saigu-ki, Hokuzan-sho, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, Makura no Soshi, and other sources that it was worn together with a skirt and sash as part of the formal attire of court ladies in the Heian period.

[Takada Yamato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代の衣服の一つ。両肩に後ろから掛けて前に垂らす一幅(ひとの)または二幅(ふたの)仕立ての布帛(ふはく)。肩巾、比礼とも書かれる。領巾の揺れるさまに呪術(じゅじゅつ)的意味を感じたようで、『古事記』に、天之日矛(あめのひぼこ)が持ちきたれる物は振浪(なみふる)比礼、切波(なみきる)比礼、振風(かぜふる)比礼、切風(かぜきる)比礼など宝物が8種あったとあるのもその一例である。『万葉集』にも歌われているが、『日本書紀』天武(てんむ)天皇11年（682）の条に「膳夫(かしわで)、采女(うねめ)等の手繦(たすき)、肩巾(ひれ)は並び莫服(なせそ)」とあって廃止され、養老(ようろう)の衣服令(りょう)に規定はないが、『延喜式(えんぎしき)』縫殿寮の巻の年中御服の条中宮の項、鎮魂祭の項その他に領巾が掲げられ、ふたたび用いられた。平安時代の宮廷女子の正装に裙帯(くたい)とともに着用されたことが、『西宮記(さいぐうき)』『北山抄(ほくざんしょう)』『紫式部日記』『枕草子(まくらのそうし)』などにより知られる。

［高田倭男］

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