Miaodigou ruins - Miaodigou ruins

This is the standard site for the Miaodigou Type Culture of the Yangshao culture and the Miaodigou Second Phase Culture of the Longshan culture, located in Shan County, Henan Province, China. Dwelling sites, storage pits, and pit tombs have been discovered in the Yangshao culture layer. Excavated artefacts from the Yangshao culture include earthenware such as painted pottery, grey pottery, and red pottery; stone tools such as stone knives, darts, rings, and grinding plates; and bone and horn tools such as needles, awls, arrowheads, and chisels. The painted pottery designs are mainly geometric, with animal designs of birds and frogs also seen. The Miaodigou Type Culture was a hoe-cultivating agricultural culture from around 4000 BC, which is thought to have cultivated foxtail millet and raised livestock. The Miaodigou Second Culture is an older type of the Longshan Culture, estimated to have been around 3000-2500 BC. The pottery excavated is mainly gray ware, with small amounts of painted and black ware. Agriculture and livestock breeding were more developed than in the Yangshao Culture, and fishing and hunting tools and animal bones have been unearthed, indicating that fishing and hunting were also popular.

[Takeji Iijima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、河南省陝(せん)県にある仰韶(ぎょうしょう)文化廟底溝類型文化と竜山文化廟底溝第二期文化の標準遺跡。仰韶文化層からは住居址(し)、貯蔵穴、竪穴(たてあな)墓が発見されている。仰韶文化の出土遺物には、彩陶、灰陶、紅陶などの土器類、石刀、鏟(さん)、環、磨盤などの石器類、針、錐(きり)、鏃(やじり)、鑿(のみ)などの骨角器類がある。彩陶の文様は幾何学文様を主とし、鳥やカエルの動物文様もみられる。廟底溝類型文化は、紀元前4000年ごろの鋤耕(じょこう)農業文化で、アワを栽培し、家畜飼育も行っていたと考えられる。廟底溝第二期文化は、竜山文化のより古い類型で、前3000～前2500年ごろの文化と推定される。出土する土器は灰陶が主で、少量の彩陶と黒陶も存在する。農業と家畜飼育は仰韶文化に比べ発達し、漁猟工具の出土と動物骨の出土によって漁猟も盛んであったことが知られる。

［飯島武次］

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