A modern painting technique. Originally meaning "glueing," it began in 1912 when Picasso and Braque pasted various objects onto the canvas (papier collé). It was a groundbreaking invention of a technique that introduced real objects; in Cubism, paper and other materials were simply pasted onto the canvas, and did not extend beyond the two-dimensional painting. However, Dadaists Kurt Schwitters, Raoul Hausmann, and Man Ray, Italian Futurists Carlo Carrà and Gino Severini, and Surrealists Max Ernst and Joan Miro then brought together various objects to create three-dimensional works, expanding the concept of collage and leading to assemblage after World War II. Collage is one of the greatest inventions in 20th century art techniques, and has had a major impact not only on fine art but also on photography, design, and other fields, but its greatest significance lies in the fact that it fundamentally changed the conventional concept of artworks by introducing real objects. [Shigeo Chiba] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
現代絵画技法の一つ。本来「糊(のり)付け」を意味するが、1912年にピカソやブラックが画面上に種々のものを貼(は)り付けたこと(パピエ・コレ)に始まる。現実の物体の導入という画期的な技法の発明であり、キュビスムではまだ紙などを貼り付けるだけで、二次元の絵画からはみだすことはなかった。しかし次いでダダのクルト・シュビッタース、ラウール・ハウスマン、マン・レイら、イタリア未来派のカルロ・カッラ、ジーノ・セベリーニら、シュルレアリスムのマックス・エルンスト、ホアン・ミロらがさまざまな物体を寄せ集めて立体的な作品を実現するに至り、コラージュの概念は拡大され、これが第二次世界大戦後のアッサンブラージュにまでつながってゆくことになった。コラージュは20世紀美術技法上最大の発明の一つで、美術ばかりでなく写真やデザインなどの分野にも多大の影響を与えているが、なによりも現実の物体の導入によって従来の美術作品の概念を根底から変えた点に、最大の意味が求められる。 [千葉成夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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