Retribution in Islamic law. (1) In the case of intentional and unjust murder, the victim's next of kin is given the right to kill the assailant, and (2) in the case of intentional and unjust bodily harm, the victim is given the right to inflict the same injury on the assailant as he or she suffered. However, in both cases, the assailant must be an adult with full mental capacity and be of equal standing with the victim. If a person with the right of retribution waives the right of qisas, the assailant must pay a kind of compensation called "diya" (blood money). The payment is usually in the form of a camel, but it can also be in the form of money. The above retribution, which is a feature of Islamic criminal law, may be said to have originated from the lawless age of Arabia before Muhammad, when revenge was the only means of maintaining order. However, the Koran, with its provision "one free man," changed uncontrolled retribution to retribution, and revenge wars that involved the massacre of the entire tribe of the assailant were no longer permitted. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム法における同害報復刑。 (1) 故意かつ不正に殺人が行われた場合,被害者の最近親者に加害者を殺す権利が与えられ,(2) 故意かつ不正に傷害が行われた場合,被害者に自己の受けたと同程度の傷害を加害者に加える権利が与えられた。ただし,いずれも加害者が完全な精神能力をもつ成年者であり,被害者と対等の者でなければならないとされる。そして報復権を有する者が,キサースの権利を放棄した場合,「ディーヤ」 diya (血の代金) という一種の賠償金を加害者は支払わねばならない。その支払いは,らくだを原則とするが,金銭であってもよい。イスラム刑法の特色である以上の同害報復刑は,ムハンマド以前のアラビアの無道時代に,復讐だけが唯一の秩序維持の手段であったところからきているといえようが,コーラン koranは,「1人の自由人を」という規定によって,統制のない報復を同害報復に改め,加害者の部族全体を殺戮するような復讐戦は許されなくなった。
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