Along with the Berne Convention (1886), this is one of the treaties for international copyright protection. It was established in Geneva on September 6, 1952, and was partially revised in Paris in 1971 to protect developing countries, and remains in place to this day. The most important feature of this treaty is that it bridges the gap between Berne Convention member countries, which have a non-formalist approach to copyright protection, and countries that cannot join the Berne Convention because they require formalities such as registration and deposit as conditions for copyright protection. In other words, works in non-formalist countries must meet certain requirements set by formalist countries in order to be protected in formalist countries, but this treaty adopts a system in which all copies are treated as meeting the requirements of formalist countries by affixing a © (Marsy) mark. While maintaining the systems of both formalist and non-formalist countries, it aims to fill the gap between the two and to stimulate international exchange of works by simplifying the procedures. The © mark here consists of three elements: the © symbol (short for copyright), the name of the copyright holder, and the year of first publication. If any one of these elements is missing, the © mark is not recognized. Other features of the Universal Copyright Convention include: (1) it does not adopt a restrictive enumeration system for the types of works to be protected under the Convention, but rather stipulates that literary, scientific and artistic works should be protected in general terms by an illustrative enumeration, as in the Berne Convention, (2) it adopts the principle of national treatment in copyright protection, (3) it stipulates that the term of copyright protection shall be during the author's life and at least 25 years after his death, and that in the country where the copyright is first published or registered, it shall be at least 25 years after publication or registration, and in countries where a second extension of the term of protection is permitted, the first period shall be at least 25 years, (4) it partially adopts a statutory authorization system for translations, and (5) it makes clear that the Berne Convention takes precedence between countries which are member states of both this Convention and the Berne Convention, and that the establishment of this Convention will not affect the Berne Convention. Japan acceded to this Convention in 1956, and as of 1996, there are 95 member states. [Masao Handa] "Copyright Law Overview" by Masao Handa, 8th Edition (1997, Ichiryusha) " "Copyright and Its Surroundings" by Koji Abe (1983, Nippon Hyoronsha) [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ベルヌ条約(1886)と並んで著作権を国際的に保護するための条約の一つ。1952年9月6日ジュネーブにおいて成立し、71年パリにおいて発展途上国保護のため一部改正されて現在に至っている。 この条約のもっとも重要な特徴は、著作権の保護のため無方式主義をとるベルヌ条約同盟国と、著作権の保護要件として登録・納本などの手続を必要とするというたてまえをとり、そのためにベルヌ条約に加盟できない国との架橋を図った点にある。すなわち、無方式主義国の著作物が方式主義国で保護を受けるためには、本来、方式主義国で定める所定の要件を具備しなければならないが、本条約は、すべての複製物に©(マルシー)表示を付することによって方式主義国の要件を満たしたものとして扱う制度を採用している。方式主義国と無方式主義国それぞれの体制を維持しながらも、手続を簡略にすることによって両者間のギャップを埋め、著作物の国際的交流の活発化を図ったものである。ここに©表示とは、©の記号(copyrightの略符)、著作権を有する者の氏名、および最初の発行年の3要素からなっており、この一つを欠いても©表示とは認められない。 このほか、万国著作権条約の特徴としては、(1)条約上保護すべき著作物の種類については制限的列挙主義をとらず、ベルヌ条約と同様、例示的列挙によって総括的に文学的、学術的および美術的著作物を保護すべきことを規定していること、(2)著作権の保護に内国民待遇の原則を採用したこと、(3)著作権の保護期間を著作者の生存中およびその死後25年以上とし、発行または登録起算の国においては発行または登録後25年以上、また保護期間の第二次延長が認められている国においては第一次の期間が25年以上とすべきことを定めたこと、(4)翻訳については部分的に法定許諾主義を採用したこと、(5)本条約とベルヌ条約の双方に加盟している国相互間においてはベルヌ条約が優先的に適用され、本条約が成立したことによってベルヌ条約が影響を受けるものではないことを明らかにしたこと、などである。わが国は、1956年(昭和31)この条約に加入しており、96年現在の加入国は95か国である。 [半田正夫] 『半田正夫著『著作権法概説』第八版(1997・一粒社)』▽『阿部浩二著『著作権とその周辺』(1983・日本評論社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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