Burroughs, William S.

Japanese: バローズ(英語表記)Burroughs, William S.
Burroughs, William S.
Born: February 5, 1914 in St. Louis, Missouri
[Died] August 2, 1997. Lawrence, Kansas. American novelist. Full name: William Seward Burroughs. He grew up in a privileged environment as the grandson of the founder of the computer manufacturer Burroughs (→Unisys). After graduating from Harvard University in 1936, he wandered Europe, and after returning to Japan, he changed jobs several times. In 1943, he moved to New York and met two representative writers of the Beat Generation, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. Around 1944, he became addicted to heroin. In 1953, under the pen name William Lee, he published his first novel, "Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict" (republished as Junky in 1977), which depicts the life of a drug addict, and in 1959, he published The Naked Lunch (Naked Lunch in the United States (1962); made into a film by David Cronenberg in 1991) in Paris. Burroughs' experimental novels, which conjure up nightmarish and sometimes humorous worlds in a deliberately eccentric style, combined with his openness in discussing his homosexual sexual orientation and his experiences with drug addiction, helped him to gain a certain following among Beat writers. His other works include The Soft Machine (1961), The Wild Boys (1971), Exterminator! (1973), The Western Lands (1987), and My Education: A Book of Dreams (1995).

Burrows
Burroughs, John

Born April 3, 1837, near Roxbury, New York
Died March 29, 1921. American essayist from Ohio. After working as a teacher, a newspaper reporter, and a farmer, he worked for the Treasury Department. In 1872, he moved to a farm near Isopus, New York, and wrote nature-themed essays in the style of Thoreau. He traveled widely throughout the country and participated in an expedition to Alaska. Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person (1867) was the first biography of the poet, who was his friend. His early works of nature observation, such as Wake-Robin (71) and Birds and Poets (77), are poetic, but his later works show the influence of Darwin and Bergson. His other collection of poems is Bird and Bough (1906).

Burrows
Burrows, Abe

Born: December 18, 1910, New York
[Died] May 17, 1985. New York. American playwright and director. In 1950, he wrote the script for the musical Guys and Dolls, which ran for over 1,200 performances and won a Tony Award. He subsequently wrote and directed Can-Can (1953), How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying (61, Pulitzer Prize, Tony Award), Cactus Flower (65), and others.

Burrows
Barrows, Harlan H.

[Born] 1877
[Died] 1960
American geographer. He studied geography under McFarlane at Michigan State Normal School, and later led the geography department at the University of Chicago from 1912 to 1942, laying the foundations for modern-day American geography. He left behind many studies on North and South America, and demonstrated a possibilistic understanding of the natural environment. His speech "Geography as Human Ecology," which he delivered as president of the Association of American Geographers in 1922, illustrates the environmental thinking of American geography at the time.

Burrows
Burroughs, Edgar Rice

Born: September 1, 1875 in Chicago
Died March 19, 1950, Encino, California. American popular novelist. He became famous with his Tarzan of the Apes (1914), a novel about an Englishman abandoned in the jungle and raised by apes. He went on to write about 30 Tarzan books, and was regarded as a pioneer of space opera, a genre of science fiction that includes A Princess of Mars (17).

Burrows

Please see the "Unisys" page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1914.2.5. ミズーリ,セントルイス
[没]1997.8.2. カンザス,ロレンス
アメリカ合衆国の小説家。フルネーム William Seward Burroughs。計算機メーカー,バローズ(→ユニシス)の創業者の孫として恵まれた環境で育ったが,1936年ハーバード大学卒業後ヨーロッパを放浪,帰国後職を転々とした。1943年ニューヨークに移り住み,ビート・ジェネレーションを代表する二人の作家ジャック・ケルアック,アレン・ギンズバーグと知り合う。1944年頃からヘロイン中毒になる。1953年ウィリアム・リー William Leeの筆名で麻薬中毒者の生活を描いた第一作 "Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict"(1977『ジャンキー』Junkyとして再発行)を発表し,1959年には『裸のランチ』The Naked Lunch(アメリカ国内では Naked Lunch〈1962〉。1991デービッド・クローネンバーグ監督で映画化)をパリで出版した。意図的に風変わりに仕上げた文体のなかに悪夢のような,そしてときにはユーモアのある世界を呼び起こす実験的な小説は,バローズの同性愛者としての性的志向や,薬物依存の経験を語る際の率直さとあいまって,ビート作家のなかで一定の信奉者を獲得する要因となった。そのほかの作品に『ソフトマシーン』The Soft Machine(1961),『猛者(ワイルド・ボーイズ)―死者の書』The Wild Boys(1971),『おぼえていないときもある』Exterminator!(1973),『ウエスタン・ランド』The Western Lands(1987),『夢の書―わが教育』My Education: A Book of Dreams(1995)などがある。

バローズ
Burroughs, John

[生]1837.4.3. ニューヨーク,ロクスベリー近郊
[没]1921.3.29. オハイオ
アメリカの随筆家。教師,新聞記者,農夫などを経て財務省に勤務後,1872年ニューヨーク州イソーパス付近の農園に移り,ソローにならった自然を主題とする随筆を著わした。国内を広く旅行し,アラスカ探検隊にも参加した。『ホイットマン覚え書』 Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person (1867) は友人であったこの詩人の最初の伝記。初期の自然観察の作品『ウェーク・ロビン』 Wake-Robin (71) ,『鳥と詩人』 Birds and Poets (77) などは詩的であるが,後期の作品にはダーウィンやベルグソンの影響がみられる。ほかに,詩集『鳥と枝』 Bird and Bough (1906) 。

バローズ
Burrows, Abe

[生]1910.12.18. ニューヨーク
[没]1985.5.17. ニューヨーク
アメリカの劇作家,演出家。 1950年ミュージカル『野郎どもと女たち』 Guys and Dollsの台本を担当,1200回をこえるロングランとなりトニー賞を受賞。以後『カンカン』 Can-Can (1953) ,『努力しないで成功する方法』 How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying (61,ピュリッツァー賞,トニー賞) ,『サボテンの花』 Cactus Flower (65) などを書き,演出も行なった。

バローズ
Barrows, Harlan H.

[生]1877
[没]1960
アメリカ合衆国の地理学者。ミシガン州立師範学校でマックファーレンに師事して地理学を学び,のち 1912~42年までシカゴ大学の地理学科を率いて今日のアメリカ地理学の基礎を築いた。北アメリカ,南アメリカに関する多くの研究を残したが,自然環境について可能論的な理解を示した。 22年アメリカ地理学会の会長として行なった演説『人間生態学としての地理学』は,当時のアメリカ地理学の環境論的な考え方を示している。

バローズ
Burroughs, Edgar Rice

[生]1875.9.1. シカゴ
[没]1950.3.19. カリフォルニア,エンシーノ
アメリカの大衆小説作家。ジャングルに捨てられ,猿に育てられたイギリス人を主人公とする『猿人ターザン』 Tarzan of the Apes (1914) を発表,一躍有名になり,以後ターザン物をおよそ 30冊ほど書いたほか,『火星の王女』A Princess of Mars (17) 以下の SFで,宇宙活劇ともいうべき「スペース・オペラ」の第一人者と目された。

バローズ

「ユニシス」のページをご覧ください。

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