Palembang - Palembang (English spelling)

Japanese: パレンバン - ぱれんばん(英語表記)Palembang
Palembang - Palembang (English spelling)

A city in the southeast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is the second largest city on the island and the capital of South Sumatra Province. Population: 1,439,900 (2001 estimate), 1,649,298 (2018 estimate). It is a river port located about 83 km upstream from the mouth of the great Musi River, which flows into the western Java Sea, but the river is 300 meters wide and 20 meters deep, allowing ocean-going ships to enter the port. Although it is only about 2 meters above sea level, it is blessed with geographical conditions such as many tributaries joining nearby and high, dry hilly areas behind it, and has developed as an important trading port in Southeast Asia since ancient times. Indian culture flowed in early on, and in the 7th century, the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya flourished here, and in modern times, the Sultanate was born. In the 19th century, it was fought over by the British and the Dutch, but in 1825 it became a Dutch territory, and from 1942 to 1945 it was occupied by Japan. The city spreads out on both banks of the Musi River. The left bank is lined with government offices, trading companies and residential buildings, centered around the former Sultan's palace, while the commercial district downstream is mostly home to Chinese and Javanese residents. There is also an Arab settlement on the right bank. In parts of the Musi River, people can be seen living on piles and on houseboats. Since the early 20th century, it has been the center of nearby oil field development, and as Indonesia's largest oil base, it has prospered mainly as a shipping port for oil and agricultural and forestry products from the hinterland, transforming into a modern city. In 1942 (Showa 17), at the beginning of the Pacific War, the Japanese military, seeking oil resources in the region, carried out a surprise parachute attack. There is a regional airport and the national Srivijaya University.

[Atsuhiko Bekki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドネシア、スマトラ島南東部の都市。スマトラ島第二の都市で、南スマトラ州の州都。人口約143万9900(2001推計)、164万9298(2018推計)。ジャワ海西部に注ぐ大河ムシ川の河口から約83キロメートル上流に位置する河港であるが、川幅は300メートル、水深も20メートルに達し、海洋船の入港も可能である。標高は2メートルほどにすぎないが付近で多くの支流が合流し、かつ背後に高燥な丘陵地帯も広がるなど地理的条件に恵まれ、古くから東南アジアにおける重要な貿易港として発展した。早くからインド文化が流入し、7世紀にはここを中心に仏教王国シュリービジャヤが栄え、近代にはスルタン王国が生まれた。19世紀に入りイギリス、オランダによる争奪が行われたが、1825年オランダ領となり、1942~1945年日本に占領された。市街はムシ川の両岸に広がる。左岸はかつてのスルタンの王宮を中心に、官庁や商社、住宅が建ち並び、下流の商業地区には中国系、ジャワ系住民の居住が多い。右岸にはアラブ系の集団居住地もある。ムシ川の一部には杭上(こうじょう)家屋や家船居住者もみられる。20世紀初頭以後、付近の油田開発の中心地となり、インドネシア最大の石油基地としておもに石油と後背地の農林産物の積出し港として繁栄し、近代的都市に変貌(へんぼう)してきた。太平洋戦争初頭の1942年(昭和17)、この地域の石油資源を求める日本軍は落下傘部隊による奇襲降下を敢行した。地方空港、国立シュリービジャヤ大学がある。

[別技篤彦]

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