The phenomenon in which ions contained in a substance release their ions into a solution in contact with the substance, and take in other ions from the solution in return. An exchange reaction is an equilibrium reaction, and if the substance performing the ion exchange (ion exchanger) is R, then: [Iwamoto Shinbu] Ion exchangersIon exchangers are generally porous substances, and can be found naturally or synthetically produced. Soil is made up of both inorganic and organic ion exchangers, which play an important role in providing nutrients to plants. Clay minerals and zeolites have ion exchange functions, and synthetic zeolites are used industrially. Inorganic ion exchangers have excellent heat and radiation resistance, but poor exchange capacity, so ion exchange resins that have been given ion exchange functions by synthetic resins are widely used. Coal treated with sulfuric acid becomes a natural organic ion exchanger, but is not widely used. [Iwamoto Shinbu] Ion Exchange UnitIon exchange devices that combine cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins are used to produce pure water for analytical, medical, industrial, etc. Devices in practical use range from those that simply soften hard water to those that produce water of extremely high purity, and they can also be used to recover dissolved ions. Ion exchange resins are usually processed into granules, but they can also be used in film or liquid form. [Iwamoto Shinbu] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある物質の中に含まれているイオンが、その物質と接触している溶液にそのイオンを放出し、かわって溶液中から別のイオンを取り込む現象。交換反応は平衡反応であり、イオン交換を行う物質の本体(イオン交換体)をRとすると、 [岩本振武] イオン交換体イオン交換体は一般に多孔性物質であり、天然に存在するものも合成によってつくられるものもある。土壌を構成する成分には、無機性および有機性のイオン交換体があり、植物への栄養補給に重要な役割を果たしている。粘土鉱物や沸石(ふっせき)にはイオン交換機能があり、合成ゼオライトは工業的に利用されている。無機イオン交換体は耐熱性や耐放射線性に優れているが、交換容量に乏しく、合成樹脂にイオン交換機能をもたせたイオン交換樹脂が多用されている。石炭を硫酸処理したものは天然の有機性イオン交換体となるが、あまり用いられてはいない。 [岩本振武] イオン交換装置分析用、医用、工業用などの純水を製造するために、陽イオン交換樹脂と陰イオン交換樹脂を組み合わせたイオン交換装置が利用される。硬水を軟化する程度のものから、きわめて純度の高い水を得るものまでが実用化され、逆に溶存イオンを回収する目的に使われることもある。イオン交換樹脂は粒状に加工されるのが普通であるが、膜状あるいは液状にして利用されることもある。 [岩本振武] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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