A garden in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing, China. It was a villa from the Qing Dynasty and is said to be the largest garden still standing in China. Its origins are said to date back to the 12th century Jin Dynasty's temporary palace, and in 1497, Enjing Temple was built there. Together with the West Lake to the south, it was called Haoshan Garden. In 1750, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty renovated the temple, developed the associated buildings and garden, and named it Qingyi Garden. In 1860, when the British and French allied forces invaded to force the ratification of the Treaty of Tianjin, it was burned down and left in ruins, but was rebuilt in 1888, and Empress Dowager Cixi diverted naval funds to renovate the garden and renamed it the Summer Palace. However, in 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance forces invaded during the Boxer Rebellion, and it was destroyed again. The current garden was restored in 1903, and covers an area of about 2.9 square kilometers, with a circumference of 8 kilometers. Wanshou Mountain is to the north, and beautiful buildings such as the Buddhist Incense Pavilion, the Long Corridor, and the Cloud-Pile Hall are arranged on the southern slope of the mountain along the shores of Lake Kunming. The gardens are beautifully landscaped, with the West Mountain and Yuquan Mountain as backdrops. The gardens were registered as a World Heritage Site in 1998 (World Cultural Heritage). [Funakoshi Akio] This vast garden has a strange history, having been destroyed twice by foreign troops and where Empress Dowager Cixi, an empress of the late Qing dynasty, lived a lavish life. In the center of the photo, standing on the south side of Wanshou Mountain, is the Buddhist Fragrance Pavilion. World Heritage Site "Summer Palace, Imperial Gardens of Beijing" (China, registered in 1998) China Beijing ©Shogakukan "> Summer Palace Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、北京(ペキン)の北西郊外にある庭園。清(しん)朝の離宮で、中国現存の庭園としては最大規模のものといわれる。その起源は12世紀の金代の行宮(あんぐう)とされ、1497年円静寺がつくられて、南の西湖とあわせて好山園とよばれた。1750年、清の乾隆帝(けんりゅうてい)は寺を改築し、付属の建物や庭園を整備して清漪園(せいいえん)と称した。1860年天津(てんしん)条約の批准を強いるイギリス・フランス連合軍の侵入の際、焼き払われて廃墟(はいきょ)となり、1888年復興、西太后は海軍の予算を流用して庭園を改修、頤和園と改名した。しかし1900年、義和団事件に際し八か国連合軍が侵入し、ふたたび破壊された。現存のものは1903年に復旧したもので、面積約2.9平方キロメートル、周囲8キロメートル。北に万寿山(まんじゅさん/ワンショウシャン)があり、その南斜面より昆明(こんめい)湖岸一帯にかけて仏香閣、長廊、排雲殿などの美しい建物が配置され、西山(せいざん/シーシャン)、玉泉山(ぎょくせんざん/ユイチュワンシャン)を借景とする美しい造園がみられる。この庭園は1998年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [船越昭生] 清末の女帝西太后が豪奢な生活を送り、二度にわたって外国軍に破壊されるなど、数奇な歴史をもつ広大な庭園。写真中央、万寿山南面にそびえるのは仏香閣。世界文化遺産「頤和園、北京の皇帝の庭園」(中国・1998年登録) 中国 北京©Shogakukan"> 頤和園 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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