Nose straps

Japanese: 鼻緒 - はなお
Nose straps

A strap used for footwear such as zori (Japanese sandals) and geta (Japanese wooden clogs). Among the relics from the Kofun period in Japan are three-hole geta called "geki". It is not clear what kind of strap was attached to the geki, but there is no doubt that it was footwear with a strap. The geta depicted in the sketch of the "Senmen Koshakyo" (Owned by Shitennoji Temple, Osaka) from the end of the Heian period is probably the oldest example of a geta with a strap. In the Kamakura period, sandals called shikire and obuto were used by both men and women, but the straps of these sandals were attached horizontally to match the modern sandal style. The straps are characterized by their thickness, which suggests the origin of the name obuto zori. In the Edo period, as footwear developed, straps were made of straw or rush grass rope, or bamboo skin straps called barao. In Kamigata, painted leather cords and tanned leather cords were used, while prostitutes braided colored threads, and sophisticated women used cords made from crepe and velvet, with black velvet cords being called Yawataguro. Around the Bunka and Bunsei eras (1804-1830), in addition to single cords, two, three or even five cords, made by combining several thin cords, were also used. When velvet was banned under the sumptuary ban imposed during the Tenpo Reforms (1841-1843), something called wanaten was invented. Nowadays, various materials are used, including salt-crepe, futsuu, velveteen, and crocodile and lizard leather.

[Takeshi Endo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

草履(ぞうり)、下駄(げた)などの履き物に用いられる緒。わが国の古墳時代の遺物に「屐(げき)」といわれる三つ穴のあいた下駄がある。その屐にどんな緒がすげられたかはっきりとしないが、これが鼻緒のある履き物であったことには間違いがない。平安時代末期の『扇面古写経』(大阪・四天王寺蔵)の下絵に描かれた下駄は、鼻緒のある下駄の最古のものであろう。鎌倉時代になると、尻切(しきれ)、緒太(おぶと)という草履が男女に用いられているが、この鼻緒は現代のサンダル式のために横一文字にすげられている。緒は太いのが特色で、緒太草履の名称の起源を察することができる。江戸時代には履き物の発達に伴って、鼻緒は藁(わら)や藺草(いぐさ)を縄にない、あるいは竹の皮緒をバラ緒といって用いた。また、上方(かみがた)では革の塗り緒、なめし革緒、遊女は色糸の組み緒、またしゃれた婦女は縮緬(ちりめん)、ビロードなどで緒をつくったものを用い、とくにビロードの黒緒を八幡黒(やわたぐろ)といった。文化・文政(1804~30)のころになると、一本緒のほかに、二本緒、三本緒、五本緒と、細い緒を何本も組み合わせてつくったものも用いられた。天保(てんぽう)の改革(1841~43)の際のぜいたく禁止令で、ビロードが禁止されると、輪奈天(わなてん)といわれるものがくふうされた。現在では塩瀬、風通(ふうつう)、別珍、ワニ・トカゲの革など、いろいろのものが用いられている。

[遠藤 武]

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