Eightfold Path

Japanese: 八正道 - はっしょうどう
Eightfold Path

The virtues of Buddhism as a consistent practice. Also written as the Eight Noble Paths. It is said that by always observing and practicing the eight paths described below, one can attain enlightenment and reach the ideal state of Nirvana.

(1) Right View: Correct viewpoint, outlook on life, and outlook on the world.

(2) Right thinking: Correct thinking and motivation.

(3) Correct words: Correct words.

(4) Righteousness: Right conduct, responsibility, and proactive action.

(5) Right Life: Proper living.

(6) Right Effort: Right effort and self-cultivation.

(7) Right Mindfulness: Proper consideration and thoughtfulness.

(8) Right Concentration: Correct mental concentration, concentration, meditation.

Among the teachings of Shakyamuni, the Eightfold Path was probably the first to be established, and when the Four Noble Truths theory was established based on it, the fourth "Truth of the Path" (the truth about the path to realize the cessation of suffering) always had the content of the Eightfold Path. In other words, the Eightfold Path led to the Truth of the Path, and then to the Four Noble Truths theory. Moreover, the Eightfold Path and the Four Noble Truths theory have never changed in later sects and Mahayana Buddhism, and have continued to guide the practice of Buddhists, whether they are monks or laypeople, to this day.

[Mitsunori Saegusa]

[Reference] | Nirvana

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

仏教を一貫する実践の徳目。八聖道とも書く。以下に記す8種の道をつねに守り行うことによって、悟りが得られ、理想の境地であるニルバーナ(涅槃(ねはん))に到達されると説く。

(1)正見(しょうけん) 正しい見解、人生観、世界観。

(2)正思(しょうし) 正しい思惟(しい)、意欲。

(3)正語(しょうご) 正しいことば。

(4)正業(しょうごう) 正しい行い、責任負担、主体的行為。

(5)正命(しょうみょう) 正しい生活。

(6)正精進(しょうしょうじん) 正しい努力、修養。

(7)正念(しょうねん) 正しい気遣い、思慮。

(8)正定(しょうじょう) 正しい精神統一、集注、禅定(ぜんじょう)。

 釈迦(しゃか)の教説のうち、おそらく最初にこの「八正道」が確立し、それに基づいて「四諦(したい)」説が成立すると、その第四の「道諦(どうたい)」(苦の滅を実現する道に関する真理)はかならず「八正道」を内容とした。逆にいえば、八正道から道諦へ、そして四諦説が導かれた。しかも八正道―四諦説は、後代の部派や大乗仏教においても、けっして変わることなく、出家・在家の別なく、仏教者の実践のあり方を指示して、今日に至る。

[三枝充悳]

[参照項目] | 涅槃

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