A perennial plant of the Solanaceae family (APG classification: Solanaceae). It is found in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and the Korean Peninsula, and grows in the shade of damp valleys. The underground stems spread horizontally, forming thick, constricted clumps. The stems are upright, about 60 cm tall, and sparsely branched. The leaves are elliptical-ovate, up to 20 cm long, with pointed tips. They have petioles, entire and soft. In spring, single bell-shaped flowers hang down from the leaf axils. The green calyx and the dark red-purple corolla are both shallowly divided into five lobes at the end, and after flowering, the calyx grows larger to encase a spherical capsule. [Motoo Nagasawa July 16, 2021] MedicinalThe rhizome is called Scotch root and the leaves are called Scotch leaves. They contain the alkaloid hyoscyamine and are used as an analgesic and antispasmodic for stomach pains. They are also used as a raw material for the production of atropine sulfate, which has the effect of dilating the pupils and plays an important role in ophthalmic treatment. In 1826 (Bunsei 9), Siebold told Edo ophthalmologist Habu Genseki that the rhizomes were effective as a mydriatic, and in return, Genseki gave Habu a hollyhock crested kimono that he had received as a gift. This was later discovered and led to an incident in which both men were imprisoned (the Siebold Incident). The name Rohto was mistakenly used by the Edo period herbalist Ono Ranzan to refer to the Chinese name for Hyoscyamus niger L. var. chinensis Makino, which is also from the Solanaceae family, but the ingredients and medicinal effects are the same. The name "hashiroidokoro" comes from the fact that the plant resembles the rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro Makino, a plant of the Dioscoreaceae family, and if eaten by mistake, the alkaloids cause the person to become confused and run around. [Motoo Nagasawa July 16, 2021] [References] | | | | |Bell-shaped dark red-purple flowers hang down one by one from the leaf axils . ©Shogakukan Staghorn ©Shogakukan "> Flower of the staghorn fern (morphology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ナス科(APG分類:ナス科)の多年草。本州、四国、九州、朝鮮半島に分布し、湿った谷の陰地に生える。地下茎は横にはい、太く、くびれのある塊となる。茎は高さ約60センチメートルで直立し、まばらに分枝する。葉は長さ20センチメートルに達する楕円(だえん)状卵形で、先はとがる。葉柄をもち、全縁で柔らかい。春になると、葉腋(ようえき)から1個ずつ鐘形の花を下垂する。緑色の萼(がく)と暗紅紫色の花冠の先はいずれも浅く5裂し、花後、萼は大きくなって、球形の蒴果(さくか)を包む。 [長沢元夫 2021年7月16日] 薬用根茎をロート根、葉をロート葉と称し、アルカロイドのヒヨスチアミンを含むので鎮痛、鎮けい剤として胃痛に用いる。また、硫酸アトロピンの製造原料としても使用される。硫酸アトロピンは瞳孔(どうこう)を散大させる作用があるので、眼科の治療の際に重要な役割を果たす。1826年(文政9)、シーボルトが江戸の眼科医土生玄碩(はぶげんせき)に根茎が散瞳剤として特効があることを教え、玄碩は返礼として拝領した葵(あおい)の紋服を贈った。これがのちに発覚し、両者が獄につながれる事件へと発展した(シーボルト事件)。ロートとは、江戸時代の本草(ほんぞう)学者である小野蘭山(らんざん)が同じナス科の中国産シナヒヨスHyoscyamus niger L. var. chinensis Makinoの漢名である莨菪(ろうとう)を誤ってあてたものであるが、成分と薬効は同じである。 なお、ハシリドコロの名は、植物体がヤマノイモ科のトコロ(オニドコロ)Dioscorea tokoro Makinoの根茎に似ており、誤って食べるとアルカロイドのために錯乱状態となって走り回るところからつけられた。 [長沢元夫 2021年7月16日] [参照項目] | | | | |葉腋から1個ずつ、鐘形の暗紅紫色花を下垂する©Shogakukan"> ハシリドコロ ©Shogakukan"> ハシリドコロの花〔形態〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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