Hasidism

Japanese: ハシディズム(英語表記)Hasidism
Hasidism
A pietist movement within Judaism that arose in southern Poland in the 18th century. It was a spiritual movement started by Baal Shem Tov, who taught that true religion does not lie in traditional rabbinic learning or ascetic seclusion, but in recognizing the God inherent in all beings, and that this recognition is possible through earnest prayer. Despite opposition from orthodox Talmudic scholars such as Elijah ben Solomon, the movement spread rapidly throughout Poland and then to Eastern Europe through the efforts of its disciples, and professoriates and doctrinal institutes were established in various places. However, the development of doctrine led to the incorporation of rabbinic traditions, and in the second half of the 19th century Hasidism was incorporated into Orthodox Judaism. Due to the persecution of Jews during World War II and the burning of institutes, many of its adherents moved to the United States and Israel, and are currently centered in these two countries. M. Buber, the representative of this sect, was one of those who moved to Israel.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
18世紀ポーランド南部に起ったユダヤ教内部の敬虔主義運動。バール・シェム・トブによって始められた精神運動で,彼は真の宗教は,伝統的なラビ的学問や禁欲的遁世にはなく,すべての存在に内在する神を認識することにあり,ひたすらな祈りによりこの認識が可能になると説いた。運動は,エリア・ベン・ソロモンなど正統派タルムード学者たちの反対にもかかわらず,弟子たちの活動によってまたたくまにポーランド全域に,さらには東ヨーロッパ各地に広まり,各地に教授団や教理研究所が設けられた。しかし,教理の発展は逆にラビ的伝統を引入れることとなり,19世紀後半にはハシディズムも正統ユダヤ教のなかに組入れられた。第2次世界大戦におけるユダヤ人迫害と研究所の焼失などで多くの信奉者はアメリカ合衆国やイスラエルに渡り,現在この両国が中心となっている。この派の代表者 M.ブーバーもイスラエルに渡った一人である。

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