The first Burmese dynasty was established by Anawrahta (reigned 1044-1077) in Bagan, central Burma (now Myanmar). It conquered the Mon people in Lower Burma and established its territory in the Irrawaddy and Chindwin river basins. At first, it adopted Mon culture as it was, but by the end of the 12th century, the Burmese alphabet was created and its own culture blossomed. During this dynasty, the belief in Theravada (Hinayana) Buddhism was at the center of social life, and Buddhist temples and pagodas were actively built, and fields and chuans (ordinary farmers who were in a subordinate position) were donated. The number of Buddhist buildings in Bagan was so great that it is also called the temple-building dynasty. In the first half of the 13th century, doctrines were also introduced directly from Ceylon (Sri Lanka). The construction of these temples and the increase in temple land and people due to donations meant a drain on finances and a decrease in tax revenue, and the royal finances gradually deteriorated. The weakened royal family was invaded by the Yuan army four times from 1278, and in 1287 the dynasty was effectively ended when it was subjugated to the Yuan. [Ito Toshikatsu] [Reference] |There are many pagodas and temples built by successive kings who worked to spread Buddhism, and the number exceeds 2,000. Near Nyaung-U, Myanmar ©Masashi Tanaka "> Ruins of Bagan Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中央ビルマ(現、ミャンマー)のパガンの地に、アノーヤター(在位1044~1077)によって樹立されたビルマ人最初の王朝。下ビルマのモン人を制圧し、イラワディ川、チンドウィン川の流域一帯を版図にし、当初はモン人の文化をそのまま受容したが、12世紀末にはビルマ文字もつくられ、独自の文化が開花した。この王朝時代は、上座部(小乗)仏教の信奉が社会生活の中心に置かれ、仏教寺院やパゴダの建立が盛んに行われ、また田畑やチュワン(一般農民で、身分的には隷属状態にあった)が寄進された。パガンの仏教建築物はおびただしい数に上り、そのため建寺王朝ともよばれる。13世紀前半には、セイロン(スリランカ)から直接教義の導入も行われた。このような仏寺の建立や、寄進による寺領地や寺領民の増大は財政の消耗と租税収入の減収を意味し、王室財政はしだいに悪化していった。こうして弱体化した王室に、1278年から4回に及び元(げん)軍が侵攻し、1287年には元に隷属することで王朝は事実上終った。 [伊東利勝] [参照項目] |仏教の普及に努めた歴代諸王によって建立されたパゴダ(仏塔)や寺院が数多く残り、その数は2000を超える。ミャンマー ニャウンウ近郊©Masashi Tanaka"> パガン(バガン)の遺跡群 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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