Born: February 14, 1944, London
[Died] July 31, 2020, London. British film director, scriptwriter, and producer. He worked in a wide range of genres, and his representative works include Midnight Express (1978) and Fame (1980). After working as an advertising copywriter and television commercial director, he founded a production company with Alan Marshall and produced television short films. In 1976, he wrote and directed his first feature film, Downtown Story. His next film, Midnight Express, was a thriller about an American tourist arrested in Turkey for drug possession, and was highly acclaimed and nominated for an Academy Award. He continued to produce a variety of works, including the blockbuster Fame, which featured students attending a New York performing arts high school, the musical Pink Floyd: The Wall (1982), which was based on a rock band album, and Mississippi Burning (1988), which depicted the murder of three civil rights activists in 1964. He was nominated for a second Academy Award for his work on Mississippi Burning. He also directed The Commitments (1991), Evita (1996), and The Life of David Gale (2003). He was awarded the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995 and a knighthood in 2002. hoodie
Parker, Francis (Wayland) Born October 9, 1837 in Bedford, New Hampshire
[Died] March 2, 1902, Chicago. Founder of progressive elementary education in America, organizer of the first Parent-Teacher Association in Chicago. Became a teacher at age 16 in 1853, and became principal in Carrollton, Illinois five years later. When the Civil War broke out, he joined the federal army and was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1872, he went to Germany and learned new educational methods developed by J. Pestalozzi, J. Herbart, F. Froebel, and others. In 1875, he returned to the United States and became superintendent of schools in Quincy, Massachusetts. He introduced natural science, art, and crafts into the academic curriculum, and encouraged humane and free classes that respected children's self-expression, social behavior, and individuality. In 1880, he became head of the Boston school system, and in 1883, he became principal of Cook County Normal School in Chicago, which became famous for its influence on the liberalization of American education. In 1899, he received an endowment and established a normal school (Chicago Institute). It became an affiliate of the University of Chicago two years later when Parker became the first dean of the School of Education, and there is also a progressive school (private) named after him in Chicago. hoodie
Parker, Theodore Born: August 24, 1810, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
[Died] May 10, 1860. Florence, Italy. American Unitarian minister, preacher, theologian, and social reformer. Abraham Lincoln's phrase "government of the people, by the people, for the people" is said to have originated from Parker's words in his books and lectures. He was fluent in 20 languages, translated German texts on the Bible, and showed an interest in higher criticism (→Criticism of Biblical Texts). He was also convinced of America's historical mission, and therefore advocated the need for the promotion of intellectual, moral, and religious education. He worked hard on social issues such as temperance, prison reform, women's education, and the abolition of slavery, and also influenced politics. His main works include A Discourse of Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842) and Theodore Parker's Works (14 volumes, 1863-70). hoodie
Parker, Matthew Born: August 6, 1504, Norwich
Died May 17, 1575, Lambeth. English theologian and Archbishop of Canterbury. He studied at Cambridge University and served as vice-chancellor there in 1545 and 1549. He was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury when Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1559, and thereafter established the foundations of the Anglican Church, which became independent from the Catholic Church and Protestant churches and took a middle path between them. He drafted the Thirty Nine Articles and planned and completed the Bishop's Bible. His main work was De antiquitate Britannicae ecclesiae (1572). hoodie
Parker, Charlie Born: August 29, 1920 in Kansas City, Kansas
[Died] March 12, 1955, New York American saxophonist. Nicknamed Bird. He was the best alto saxophonist in the American jazz world, and was known as an improviser. In 1937, he joined Jay McShann's band, and after moving to several bands, he formed a combo in 1944 and became a central figure in the new jazz and bop genre of the time with D. Gillespie and T. Monk. In 1946, he was hospitalized for drug addiction, but made a miraculous comeback, and in 1947, he formed a quintet with M. Roach and M. Davis, and became a star performer in the jazz world. hoodie
Parker, Sir Horatio Gilbert Born November 23, 1862 in Camden East, Ontario
[Died] September 6, 1932, London. British novelist born in Canada. After exploring Australia and the South Seas, he settled in England at the age of 27 and wrote many adventure novels. He later entered politics and became a Privy Councillor in 1916. His works include The Seats of the Mighty (1896), his masterpiece about the conquest of Quebec in the 17th century, and The Battle of the Strong (1898), set in the Channel Islands during the Napoleonic Wars. hoodie
Parker, Louis Napoleon Born: October 21, 1852, Calvados
[Died] September 21, 1944.
British playwright and composer. He started out as a musician and taught in Dorsetshire, but in 1892 he devoted himself to playwriting, writing more than 100 original and adapted plays. His most famous work is Disraeli (1911). His other works include The Pageant of Drury Lane (08) and a memoir, Several of My Lives (28). hoodie
Parker, Dorothy Born: August 22, 1893, West End, New Jersey
[Died] June 7, 1967. New York. American female poet and novelist. She was a theater critic for The New Yorker and other magazines, and was known for her scathing critiques. She left behind excellent works that were full of satire and wit, and that exposed the subtleties of human feelings with her concise writing style. Her major works include the poetry collection Enough Rope (1926) and the short story collection Laments for the Living (30). hoodie
Parker, Alton Brooks Born May 14, 1852 in Cortland, New York
Died May 10, 1926. American lawyer. After serving as a judge on the New York Court of Appeals and as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1897), he was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904, but was defeated by T. Roosevelt and returned to the legal profession. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
