Parliament Act

Japanese: 議会法 - ぎかいほう（英語表記）Parliament Act

This law was enacted in 1911 to restrict the power of the British House of Lords. The House of Lords, which was dominated by Conservative aristocrats, often resisted bills from the Liberal Party government, and in 1909, breaking with tradition, rejected Chancellor of the Exchequer Lloyd George's People's Budget. The Liberal Party advocated reform of the House of Lords, and King George V tried to mediate between the two parties, but failed. As a result, the Liberal government held two general elections in January and December 1910, winning both times and passing the Budget Bill and the Parliament Act. According to this law, which established the superiority of the House of Commons over the House of Lords, the House of Lords had no power to reject or amend bills that the Speaker of the House of Commons had designated as finance bills, and the House of Lords only had the power to suspend other bills for two years. The term of the House of Commons was also increased to a maximum of five years. The Parliament Act of 1949 reduced the House of Lords' power to suspend bills to one year.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1911年に成立したイギリスの上院 (貴族院) の権限を制限する法律。保守党貴族の多かった上院はしばしば自由党内閣の法案に抵抗，09年には慣例を破ってロイド・ジョージ蔵相の人民予算を否決した。自由党は上院改革を主張し，国王ジョージ5世も両党の調整を行なったが，失敗。そのため自由党政府は 10年1月と 12月に2度にわたって総選挙を行い，2度とも勝利し，予算案に次いで議会法を成立させた。下院の上院に対する優位を確立した同法によれば，下院議長により財政法案と認定された法案は上院では否決，修正する権限のないこと，それ以外の法案についても上院は2年間の停止権しか認められないことになった。また下院の任期は最大5年間となった。 49年の議会法で上院の法案停止権は1年に短縮された。

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