Farmer - Nouka

Japanese: 農家 - のうか

A household that is engaged in farming as a family. Before World War II in Japan, this term referred to those who farm as their occupation, but since the 1950 Agriculture and Forestry Census, it has referred to households that operate 10 ares or more in eastern Japan and 5 ares or more in western Japan, or that sell agricultural products. Due to the diversification of agriculture, the 1990 census has defined households as those with 10 ares or more or annual sales of 150,000 yen or more. Of these, those with 30 ares or more or sales of 500,000 yen or more are classified as commercial farmers (2.52 million households in 1998), and the rest as self-sufficient farmers (770,000 households in 1998). In addition, those with income from sources other than agriculture are classified as part-time farmers, of which those that are mainly engaged in agriculture are classified as Type 1 farmers (12% of commercial farmers in 1998), those that are mainly engaged in non-farming are classified as Type 2 farmers (51% in 1998), and those with no part-time workers are classified as full-time farmers (13% in 1998). The national average area operated is 1.6 ha, but high-income farms such as horticulture and livestock farming have smaller areas. The number of farm households has increased to 5.5 million since the Meiji era, and to 6.17 million after World War II, but has decreased as the economy has grown, to 3.29 million in 1998. In addition, there are certified farm households that are selected by municipalities as the core agricultural players under the 1993 Agricultural Management Foundation Strengthening Promotion Law (Structure and Management Law). →Agricultural population→Related itemsPart-time farmers | Full-time farmers | Agriculture

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

家として農業を営んでいる世帯。日本では第２次大戦前には〈生業として農業を営むもの〉を指したが，1950年の農林業センサス以降，東日本10a・西日本5a以上の経営か農産物販売額のある世帯をいう。農業の多様化で1990年センサスから10a以上か年15万円以上販売の世帯となり，うち30a以上か販売額50万円以上を販売農家（1998年252万戸），それ以外を自給的農家（同77万戸）に分けた。また農外からの所得のあるものを兼業農家，うち農業が主を第１種（1998年に販売農家の12％），農外が主を第２種（同51％），兼業者のいないのが専業農家（同13％）である。経営面積の全国平均は1.6haであるが，園芸・畜産などの高所得農家ではより小規模。農家戸数は明治以降ほぼ550万戸，第２次大戦後に617万戸まで増えたが，経済成長につれて減少し，1998年は329万戸。このほか1993年の農業経営基盤強化促進法（構造・経営法）にもとづき，農業の中心的な担い手として市町村が決める認定農家がある。→農業人口
→関連項目兼業農家｜専業農家｜農業

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