The central organ of the Japanese Communist Party. It was first published on February 1, 1928 (Showa 3) by the Comintern branch of the Japanese Communist Party, based on the 1927 Theses, as the illegal organ "Akahata (Red Flag)". It was distributed only to party members by mimeograph printing. It was suspended and re-published several times after that, and from issue 69, dated April 8, 1932, it was printed using letterpress (until issue 165, dated December 11, 1933), but due to government oppression, it was suspended with issue 187, dated February 20, 1935. After the Second World War in October 1945 (Showa 20), when the Japanese Communist Party was re-established as a legal political party, it was republished in pamphlet form on October 20, and in January of the following year, 1946, it was renamed "Akahata" (weekly), and from February 3 it was published five days a week, and from October 1, 1947 it became a daily publication, and its circulation increased as the party's influence grew. However, due to a shift in the occupation policy of GHQ (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) and the outbreak of the Korean War, General MacArthur ordered the indefinite suspension of publication on July 18, 1950. When Japan regained its independence in 1952, it was republished (weekly) on May 1, and became a daily publication in March 1954. During this time, the party's influence declined due to its ultra-left adventurist line, but at the 7th convention in 1958, the party self-criticized its ultra-left bias and established the Miyamoto Kenji regime. As the party's influence grew, it launched the "Akahata Sunday Edition" on March 1, 1959, and in February 1966 the paper was renamed "Akahata," dramatically increasing its circulation. In 1968, the newspaper added a sports section, and in 1985, it added radio and television columns after receiving distribution from Tokyo News Service, and has been focusing on general reporting at home and abroad. It has contracts with Jiji Press and Reuters (UK), and has bureaus in London, Beijing, Cairo, Hanoi, Washington, Mexico City, and other locations to expand its communication network around the world. It has an outstanding reporting system among Japanese political party newspapers and produces a wide variety of pages. On April 1, 1997, it was renamed Shinbun Akahata, and in the 2000s, it expanded the text size to accommodate the aging of its readers, and has been working on reforming its layout by increasing the number of articles on the economy, lifestyle, and other aspects of daily life. In addition to Tokyo, it is printed and published in Sapporo, Kitakami (Iwate Prefecture), Komaki (Aichi Prefecture), Osaka, and Fukuoka. The estimated circulation of the daily and Sunday editions is about 1.7 million copies (2004). [Akihiko Sunohara] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日本共産党中央機関紙。1928年(昭和3)2月1日、コミンテルン支部日本共産党が二七年テーゼに基づいて非合法機関紙『赤旗(せっき)』として創刊。謄写版印刷で党員間にだけ配布された。その後休刊、復刊を繰り返し、1932年4月8日付け第69号から活版印刷になった(1933年12月11日付け第165号まで)が、官憲の弾圧により、1935年2月20日付け第187号で休刊となった。第二次世界大戦後の1945年(昭和20)10月、日本共産党が合法政党として再建されるや、10月20日小冊子形で再刊、翌1946年1月に『アカハタ』と改題(週刊)、2月3日から週5日刊、1947年10月1日から日刊となり、党勢の拡大とともに部数を伸ばした。だがGHQ(連合国最高司令部)の占領政策の転換、朝鮮戦争勃発(ぼっぱつ)などにより、1950年7月18日マッカーサー司令官により無期限発行停止を命ぜられた。1952年日本が独立を回復すると、5月1日復刊(週刊)、1954年3月日刊となる。その間、極左冒険主義路線で党勢が衰退したが、1958年第7回大会で極左的偏向を自己批判して宮本顕治体制を確立。党勢を拡大するとともに、1959年3月1日に『アカハタ日曜版』を創刊、1966年2月には本紙を『赤旗(あかはた)』に改題、部数を飛躍的に伸ばした。 1968年にはスポーツ面、1985年には「東京ニュース通信社」の配信を受けてラジオ・テレビ欄を設けるなど、内容を充実するとともに国内外の各種一般報道にも力を入れている。時事通信社、ロイター通信社(イギリス)などと契約しているほか、ロンドン、北京、カイロ、ハノイ、ワシントン、メキシコ市などに支局を置いて世界各地に通信網を広げ、日本の政党機関紙のなかでは抜群の取材体制をとり多彩な紙面をつくっている。1997年(平成9)4月1日『しんぶん赤旗』と改題、2000年代に入ってからは、読者の高齢化に伴い文字の拡大を図り、経済や暮らしをはじめ生活に密着した記事を増やすなど紙面改革にも力を入れている。東京のほか札幌、北上(岩手県)、小牧(愛知県)、大阪、福岡各市でも印刷発行している。推計部数は日刊、日曜版あわせて約170万部(2004)。 [春原昭彦] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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