Counterfeit money - Nisegan

Japanese: 贋金(偽金) - にせがね

Counterfeit currency (including paper money). Its history is linked to the production and circulation of currency, and in Japan, bans on privately minted coins have been issued frequently since January of the year 709 (Wado 2), the year immediately following the issue of the Wado Kaichin coins. However, there were also cases in the Muromachi period when privately minted coins were in daily circulation, and in the case of metal coins, whether or not privately minted coins were fake depended on their quality and social conditions. As early as October 711, a decree was issued to punish counterfeiters by execution, and in the Edo period, they were paraded around and crucified.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

貨幣(紙幣も含む)を偽造したもの。その歴史は貨幣の製造，流通とともにあり，日本では和同開珎発行直後の翌709年(和銅2)1月以来頻繁に私鋳銭（しちゆうせん）に対する禁令が出されている。しかし，室町時代のように私鋳銭が日常的に流通したような例もあり，私鋳銭が贋金であるかどうかは，金属貨幣の場合はその品位と社会条件によって左右されることもあった。偽造の犯人に対しては711年10月，すでに斬罪（ざんざい）に処する旨の布告があり，江戸時代には引回しのうえ磔（はりつけ）とされていた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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