The correct name is acetaldol or 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde. It is one of the hydroxyaldehydes that has the properties of both alcohol and aldehyde. It undergoes a dehydration reaction at 85°C to become crotonaldehyde, so its boiling point at normal pressure cannot be measured. It is a colorless, viscous liquid. It can be obtained by reacting acetaldehyde with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This reaction can also occur using an acid as a catalyst, but the most suitable method for synthesizing aldol is to use an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, in which one molecule of acetaldehyde adds to the carbonyl group =O of another molecule of acetaldehyde to produce an aldol. This reaction is called the aldol reaction. Aldol is used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber and as a synthetic raw material for fragrances. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
正しくはアセトアルドールまたは3-ヒドロキシブチルアルデヒドという。アルコールとアルデヒドの両方の性質を兼ね備えているヒドロキシアルデヒドの一つ。85℃で脱水反応をおこしてクロトンアルデヒドになるので、常圧における沸点は測定できない。無色で粘りけのある液体である。アセトアルデヒドに水酸化ナトリウムまたは水酸化カリウムの水溶液を作用させると得られる。この反応は酸を触媒として用いてもおこるが、アルドールの合成法としては水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液を触媒とするのが適当で、1分子のアセトアルデヒドがもう1分子のアセトアルデヒドのカルボニル基=Oに付加してアルドールを生成する。この反応はアルドール反応とよばれている。アルドールはゴムの加硫促進剤、香料の合成原料などの用途をもつ。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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