Nanetsu - Nanetsu

Zhao Tuo, a military commander from Hebei Zhending who had accompanied the First Emperor of Qin on his conquest of Lingnan, took advantage of the chaos following the fall of the Qin dynasty to become the commander of Nanhai, and established an independent state in 207 BC in Panyu (Guangzhou). Zhao Tuo, who called himself Emperor Wu, refused to submit to the Han, and expanded his influence in Lingnan, ruling over ethnic groups all the way to northern Vietnam. In the first half of his reign, the Han also recognized the decentralized rule of Nanyue. The state was powerful until the time of the second emperor, Emperor Wen, but after the death of the third emperor, King Ming, the nation was divided over submission to the Han, and the anti-Han faction took the lead in a coup d'état by Prime Minister Lu Jia. Emperor Wu of Han sent a large army to kill the fifth king, Jiande and Lu Jia, and Nanyue was destroyed in 5 dynasties and 97 years (111 BC). This completed the unification of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu established nine districts of Jiaozi in the southern border of China and the whole of Vietnam, and designated the area near Hanoi as the administrative center of the Jiaozi tribe.

[Kunie Kawamoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

秦(しん)の始皇帝の嶺南(れいなん)征討に従っていた河北真定の武将趙佗(ちょうた)が、秦滅亡の混乱に乗じて南海郡尉(ぐんい)となり、紀元前207年に自立して番禺(ばんぐう)（広州）に建てた国。武帝を称した趙佗は漢に対して服属を拒み、嶺南に勢力を張ってベトナム北部までの諸民族を支配し、漢もその前半期には南越の分権的統治を認めた。第2代文帝の時代まで勢力が盛んであったが、第3代明王の死後、漢への服属をめぐって国論が分裂し、丞相(じょうしょう)呂嘉(りょか)のクーデターで反漢派が主導権を握った。漢の武帝は大軍を派遣して第5代の王、建徳や呂嘉らを殺し、南越は5代97年で滅びた（前111）。これによって漢の天下統一が完成し、武帝は中国南辺とベトナム一帯に交趾(こうち)9郡を置き、ハノイ付近の地を交趾部の治所に定めた。

［川本邦衛］

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