A Southern Bantu-speaking ethnic group living in southern Mozambique and the coastal plains of Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. The population is estimated at about 4.6 million (late 20th century). They are nomadic agriculturalists who cultivate cassava, corn, and finger millet, but livestock farming is also important. Today, many of them are wage laborers, and many of them migrate to Zimbabwe, South Africa, and other places to earn money. Cattle are important assets, as dowries, and as sacrificial animals. Patrilineal lineages form small scattered settlements, and descent, status, and property are all patrilineal. Many autonomous regional groups once separated, but were conquered by the Nguni peoples in the 19th century. In religion, highly ritualized ancestral worship is prevalent, but Christianity is also widespread. Tonga |
モザンビーク南部およびエスワティニとジンバブエ,南アフリカ共和国の海岸平原に居住する南バンツー語系の民族。人口は約 460万と推定される(20世紀後半)。キャッサバ,トウモロコシ,シコクビエなどを栽培する移動農耕民であるが,牧畜も重要。今日では賃労働に従う者も多く,ジンバブエ,南アフリカ共和国などへ出稼ぎに出ている。ウシは財産であり,婚資,犠牲獣としても重要である。父系リニージが散居小集落をつくり,出自,地位の継承,財産の相続も父系的である。かつては自律的な地域集団が多数分立したが,19世紀にングニ諸族に征服された。宗教は高度に儀礼化された祖霊信仰が盛んであるが,キリスト教も普及している。
トンガ族
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