Towazugatari - Towazugatari

A diary from the late Kamakura period. Five volumes. It was completed after 1306 (Tokuji 1). It was certainly completed by 1313 (Showa 2). The author was Gofukakusa-in Nijo, the daughter of Nakanoin Masatada. She was later known as Sanjo. She was born in 1258 (Shoka 2). Her year of death is unknown.

The story covers the period from when Nijo was 14 years old, from 1271 (Bun'ei 8) to when he was 49 years old, with the first three volumes being the court or love stories, and the last two volumes being the travelogue or training stories. It begins with Nijo becoming the favorite of Emperor Gofukakusa, but he also has romantic relationships with other men, such as "Snowy Dawn" (Saionji Sanekane), "Akebono no Tsuki" (also thought to be Emperor Ninnaji Shojo, but better believed to be Emperor Ninnaji Jugou), "Konoe no Otono" (Takatsukasa Kanehira), and Emperor Kameyama. Nijo lived a glamorous life, but eventually his popularity waned and he left the Imperial Palace (part one). He had long admired the poetic monk Saigyo, who lived freely in both faith and literature, and when he retired he became a monk and embarked on a pilgrimage around the country. In 1289 (Shoo 2), he traveled down the Tokaido road to Kamakura, visiting various shrines and temples, and was present when Prince Koreyasu, the Shogun, was deposed and Prince Gofukakusa's son Prince Hisaaki came down to the country as the new Shogun. He also visited Zenkoji Temple before returning to Kyoto. In 1302 (Kengen 1), he made a pilgrimage to Aki Itsukushima, traveled around Shikoku and also visited Cape Ashizuri. He stayed in Wachi, Bingo Province (Wachi Town, Miyoshi City, Hiroshima Prefecture) before returning to Kyoto, where he witnessed Gofukakusa's death. The record covers up to the third anniversary of his death. He talks about his glamorous memories at the Imperial Court and how he wrote "Toihazu Monogatari" to commemorate his journey in adoration of Saigyo (Part 2). With its interesting content and grandiose concept, it is a masterpiece of medieval diary literature. It was widely adopted in the historical tale "Masukagami."

[Matsumoto Yasushi]

"Shincho Japanese Classics Collection: Towazugatari, edited by Fukuda Shuichi (1978, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Complete Translation of Japanese Classics 38 & 39: Towazugatari, edited and translated by Kubota Jun (1985, Shogakukan)" ▽ "Towazugatari Research Compilation, by Tamai Kosuke (1971, Meijishoin)" ▽ "Towazugatari Research, by Matsumoto Yasuji (1971, Ohfusha)" ▽ "Research on Diary Literature by Women in the Middle Ages, by Matsumoto Yasuji (1983, Meijishoin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉後期の日記文学。五巻。成立は1306年（徳治1）以後。1313年（正和2）までに成立していたことは確かである。作者は中院雅忠(なかのいんまさただ)の女(むすめ)、後深草(ごふかくさ)院二条。のちに三条とよばれたこともある。1258年（正嘉2）生まれ。没年未詳。

　内容は二条14歳、1271年（文永8）より49歳までのことであり、前三巻は宮廷編もしくは愛欲編、後二巻は紀行編もしくは修行編ともいえる。後深草院の寵愛(ちょうあい)を受けたことから始まるが、ほかに「雪の曙(あけぼの)」（西園寺実兼(さいおんじさねかね)）、「有明の月」（仁和寺性助(にんなじしょうじょ)法親王ともするが仁和寺准后(じゅごう)法助がよい）、「近衛大殿(このえのおおとの)」（鷹司(たかつかさ)兼平）、亀山院などとも男女の交渉をもつ。こうして華やかな生活を送るが、やがて寵衰えて御所を退出する（前編）。かねて信仰と文学とに自由に生きた歌僧西行(さいぎょう)にあこがれを抱いていたが、退出を契機に出家を果たし、諸国行脚(あんぎゃ)の旅に出る。1289年（正応2）東海道を下り鎌倉に至り、諸社寺を参拝、おりから将軍惟康(これやす)親王が廃され、後深草皇子久明親王が新将軍として下向するのに際会。さらに善光寺に参って帰京。1302年（乾元1）安芸厳島(あきいつくしま)に詣(もう)で、四国を回り足摺(あしずり)岬にも行ったとする。備後(びんご)国和知(わち)（広島県三次(みよし)市和知町）に滞在して帰京、後深草崩御にあう。記述はその三回忌まで。宮廷での華やかな思い出、西行を慕っての旅の記念に『問はず語り』を書いたことを述べる（後編）。興味深い内容と雄大な構想とで中世日記文学の最高傑作。歴史物語『増鏡(ますかがみ)』に大幅に採用された。

［松本寧至］

『福田秀一校注『新潮日本古典集成　とはずがたり』（1978・新潮社）』▽『久保田淳校注・訳『完訳日本の古典38・39　とはずがたり』（1985・小学館）』▽『玉井幸助著『とはずがたり研究大成』（1971・明治書院）』▽『松本寧至著『とはずがたりの研究』（1971・桜楓社）』▽『松本寧至著『中世女流日記文学の研究』（1983・明治書院）』

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