An ancient city in northwestern Anatolia. In Greek it was Troia, Ilios, or Ilion, and in Latin it was Troia, Troja, or Ilium. It is located on a small plain between the Scamander and Simois rivers near the Hellespont (Dardanelles), on the hill of Hissarik in Turkey today. As a fortress at the juncture of Asia and Europe, and the Aegean and Black Seas, it was the political and cultural center of the region and prospered in ancient times. After the Roman Emperor Constantine I (the Great) built Constantinople on the European side of the Bosphorus in 324, it fell off the transportation route, declined, and fell into ruins, and its existence was long doubted as a legendary city. However, Heinrich Schliemann excavated the site from 1871 to 1890, and later Wilhelm Dörpfeld and the University of Cincinnati excavated it in the 20th century, providing detailed reports. The site has 46 layers, which are roughly divided into nine layers. Layers 1 to 5 belong to the early Bronze Age, while layers 6, 7a, and 7b belong to the middle to late Bronze Age. There is a break of about four centuries after that, and the eighth layer was built by Greek colonists around 700 BC, when Troy was called Ilion, and the ninth layer is the city that existed from the Hellenistic period (→Hellenistic culture) to the Roman period. Many pottery and other artifacts have been excavated, and especially from the second layer, jewelry, golden ornaments, and various metal vessels have been excavated, which Schliemann believed to be the remains of Priam, the Trojan king depicted in Homer's Iliad. Later, Carl W. Blegen and others from the University of Cincinnati estimated that Priam's Troy was layer 7a, not layer 2. As a result of these excavations, it became the accepted theory that Troy was the site of the legend of the Trojan War. In 1998, it was registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites. Troy |
アナトリア北西部の古代都市。ギリシア語ではトロイア Troia,イリオス Ilios,イリオン Ilion,ラテン語ではトロイア Troia,トロヤ Troja,イリウム Ilium。ヘレスポントス(ダーダネルス海峡)に近いスカマンドロスとシモイス川に挟まれた小平野,今日のトルコのヒッサリクの丘にある。アジアとヨーロッパ,エーゲ海と黒海の接点を占める城塞としてこの地方の政治,文化の中心となり,古代に繁栄を誇った。324年にローマ皇帝コンスタンチヌス1世(大帝)がボスポラス海峡に臨むヨーロッパ側にコンスタンチノープルを建設して以降,交通路からはずれ,衰退して廃墟と化し,伝説上の都市とされ実在が長らく疑われていた。しかし 1871~90年ハインリヒ・シュリーマンによって発掘され,その後ウィルヘルム・デルプフェルト,さらに 20世紀になってアメリカ合衆国のシンシナティ大学の発掘調査によって詳細な報告が得られた。遺跡は 46層が確認されており,大きくは 9層に分けられる。第1~5層は青銅器時代初期に属し,第6層と第7a層,第7b層は青銅器時代中期から後期に属する。その後 4世紀ほど断絶があり,第8層は前700年頃のギリシア人の植民によって建設され,トロイがイリオンと呼ばれていた時代であり,第9層はヘレニズム期(→ヘレニズム文化)からローマ時代まで存続した都市である。土器などの出土品が多く,特に第2層からは,宝石類,黄金製の装身具,種々の金属製の器などが発掘され,シュリーマンはこれらをホメロスの『イリアス』に描かれたトロイ王プリアモスの遺物と考えた。のちにシンシナティ大学のカール・W.ブレーゲンらにより,プリアモスのトロイは第2層ではなく第7a層と推定された。これら発掘の成果から,トロイ戦争の伝承の舞台を同地とすることはほぼ定説となった。1998年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。
トロイ
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