Lost property - Stone

Japanese: 遺失物 - いしつぶつ
Lost property - Stone

Lost property refers to property that has left the possession of its owner without the owner's will. Detailed provisions on how to handle lost property are set out in the Civil Code (Articles 240 and 241) and the Lost Property Law. Drifting objects and sunken articles are treated similarly, but the Law on Sea Rescue and Marine Rescue applies to the recovery of lost property.

First, anyone who finds a lost item must either return it to the owner or report it to the police. If the item is found in someone else's house, on a train, or on a ship, the person must report it to the landlord, conductor, captain, etc. If the person fails to do so and uses the item as their own or sells it, they will be charged with embezzlement of lost property (Penal Code Article 254).

When the police receive a report, they make a public announcement, and if the owner does not show up within three months, the finder acquires ownership of the property (Article 240 of the Civil Code). The same applies if the property is found in a car or a boat. However, if the finder does not report the property within seven days of the day it was found (within 24 hours if it is in a car or a boat), they will lose this right (Article 34 of the Lost Property Law). Even if the finder acquires ownership after three months, they will lose ownership if they do not retrieve the property within two months (Articles 240 and 241 of the Civil Code, Article 36 of the Lost Property Law). If the owner shows up, the finder can claim a reward (reward) of at least 5% and no more than 20% of the property (Article 28 of the Lost Property Law and onwards). The amount is up to the finder to decide within the above range, but it is desirable to objectively decide a reasonable line taking into account the specific circumstances. However, there are many problems regarding how much compensation should be given to finders of items that merely represent rights, such as checks, savings passbooks, commuter passes, etc. If a person who finds a lottery ticket acquires ownership of it, he or she can receive the winnings in the same way as if they had purchased the ticket themselves. The Lost Property Act also stipulates that items that belong to others that have been mistakenly taken possession of, items left behind by others, buried property, and runaway livestock are also treated in the same way as lost property (Lost Property Act, Article 2, Paragraph 1).

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa]

[Reference] | Embezzlement of lost property

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

占有者の意思に基づかないでその所持を離れた物、いわゆる落し物のこと。その取扱いについては、民法(240条・241条)のほか、遺失物法に詳細な規定が設けられている。なお、漂流物、沈没品も同じようなものであるが、その拾得については水難救助法が適用される。

 まず、落し物を拾った人は、落し主に返すか、警察に届け出なければならない。拾った場所が他人の家、汽車、船の中などであれば家主、車掌、船長などに届け出る。それをしないで、かってに自分の物として使ったり売ったりすると遺失物横領となり処罪される(刑法254条)。

 届け出を受けると警察は公告をして、3か月以内に落し主が現れなかった場合、遺失物を拾った人がその所有権を取得する(民法240条)。車内や船内などで拾った場合も同様である。ただし、拾い主が拾った日から7日以内(車内・船内などの場合は24時間以内)に届け出なかった場合にはこの権利を失う(遺失物法34条)。また、3か月たって拾い主に所有権が生じてからも、2か月以内に遺失物をとりに行かないと、その所有権を失うことになる(民法240条・241条、遺失物法36条)。落し主が現れた場合には、拾い主はこれに対して100分の5以上、100分の20以下の報労金(謝礼)を請求できる(遺失物法28条以下)。その額については前記の範囲内で落し主が自由に決めることになるが、具体的な事情を考慮に入れて妥当な線を客観的に決めることが望ましい。しかし、小切手など権利を表象しているにすぎない物や貯金通帳、定期券などの拾い主に対する報労金をいくらにするかに関しては問題が多い。宝くじを拾った者もその所有権を取得すれば、自分で購入した場合と同じように当籤(とうせん)金の支払いを受けることができる。なお、遺失物法では、誤って占有した他人の物、他人の置き去った物、埋蔵物、逸走した家畜なども遺失物に準じて扱うことにしている(遺失物法2条1項)。

[高橋康之・野澤正充]

[参照項目] | 遺失物横領罪

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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